Risk management occupational

R. Niemela, E. Priha, and P. Heikkila, Trends of formaldehyde exposure m industries. Occup. Hyg. Risk Manag. Occup. Haz. 4, 31-46, 1997. 

Process safety Risk management Occupational safety and health Environmental compliance Process engineering... 

The risk assessment process applies to all aspects of operational risk management—occupational safety, occupational health, environmental matters, product safety, all aspects of transportation safety, safety of the public, health physics, system safety, fire protection engineering, property damage and business interruption avoidance, and the like. 

Process definition and design criteria Process and equipment design Company memory (management information) Documentation of risk management decisions Protective systems Normal and upset conditions Chemical and occupational health hazards... 

The remaining Sections e.xainine tluce important topics as tliey relate to the subject title of tliis book. Section 2.7 reviews the details of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency s (USEPA s) Risk Management Program while Section 2.8 provides information on the Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA). The chapter continues with a short Section (2.9) on potential environmental violations and then concludes with a Section (2.10) on tlic Pollution Prevention Act of 1990. 

Management is concerned with both the protection of building occupants, as well as long-term business interruption risks. For occupancy, management has established the following criteria ... 

As discussed in Chapter 4, some risk-based decision making can benefit by the development of tolerance criteria for the various types of risk to which building occupants may be exposed. When identified risks are higher than what can be deemed tolerable, they should be eliminated or reduced to control the company s risk exposure. The process of risk identification and evaluation, comparison to tolerance criteria, and elimination or reduction of intolerably high risk is known as risk management. Figure 6.1 illustrates this process. Application of these tolerance criteria helps protect building occupants and ensure that resources are appropriately applied. 

Process Knowledge and Documentation—The main features here are process definition and design criteria, process and equipment design, company memory (management information), documentation of risk management decisions, protective systems, normal and upset con-dtions, and chemical and occupational health hazards. 

Environmental Quality. The abstracts come from journals or digests published by CSA on important issues including environmental pollution, toxicological studies of industrial chemicals, ecological impacts of biologically active chemicals, as well as health, safety, and risk management in occupational situations. The POLTOX CD-ROM contains over 200,000 records from these sources since 1981. 

The Army has programs for risk management, safety, and occupational and environmental health in place at its chemical stockpile disposal sites. The recommendations set forth below are provided with the committee s expectation that if they are carried out, workers employed in closure operations will be less likely to encounter the posited risks. 

Lucas (1992) proposes that different safety cultures will have an impact on which accidents are investigated and whether or not near miss reporting is perceived as a valuable use of resources an occupational safety culture would probably investigate only serious personal injuries the risk management culture might be interested in certain types of near misses with very direct and serious potential safety consequences finally a systemic safety culture will encourage its employees to report anything related to possible deviations, either with immediate or delayed consequences for safety control. 

There is little doubt that the identification and control of hazardous chemicals is necessary to protect human health and the environment. An assessment of the occupational health benefits of REACH estimates that improved chemical risk assessment and risk management can reduce compensation for worker-related illness by between 18 and 54 billion over a 30-year period [190]. The long-term benefits of improved environmental protection resulting from the identification of hazardous chemicals under REACH (e.g., avoided costs for carrying out environmental remediation) can readily result in savings of hundreds of million Euro per substance [190]. Based on World Bank estimates that chemicals and chemical pollution causes between 0.6% and 2.5% of diseases in developed countries, the European Commission calculated a saving of 50 billion on health and medical care within the EU over 30 years could result if REACH can reduce the occurrence of disease by 0.1% [282]. 

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