Rinsing procedures

Exacting control of buffer preparation and the characteristics of capillaries and coatings is now recognized as key to successful electrophoretic separations.2 Repeatability of separations requires standardized surface preparation and rinse procedures. For example, capillaries can be coated with polyacrylamide using thionyl chloride surface activation. This approach was useful in DNA analysis.3 Non-aqueous buffers can be used to permit the use of thicker capillaries and higher voltages.4... 

When washing-off in a jet machine, a combination of liquor exchange and continuous overflow rinsing is advantageous [186]. Optimal rinsing procedures depend on machine parameters and the cost structure of the plant, but in general the most economical system appears to be ... 

Electrodeposition is by its nature a condensed phase process, whereas most studies of ALE have been performed using gas phase or vacuum methodologies, CVD or MBE. A solution phase deposition methodology related to ALE has been developed in France by Nicolau et al. [27-32] (Fig. 2), in which adsorbed layers of elements are formed by rinsing a substrate in aqueous solutions containing ionic precursor for the desired elements, sequentially, in a cycle. After exposure to each precursor, the substrate is copiously rinsed and then transferred to a solution containing the precursor for the next element. The method is referred to as successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR). Reactivity in SILAR appears to be controlled by the rinsing procedure, solution composition, pH, and specifically... 

The different modes of injection, i.e., gravity injection, pressure or vacuum injection, and electrokinetic injection, are addressed. Also, several practical experimental issues are described, such as correct treatment of electrolyte solutions and the importance of a rigorous capillary rinsing procedure. 

Additional aspects which are relevant to validate CE methods EOF stability Rinsing procedures... 

Rinsing procedures t, reagents, Ap) equilibration times Shelf time of solutions, if relevant... 

Moreovei rinsing procedures and equilibration conditions should be carefully described. Note that each type of instmment uses different pressure settings, so rinsing times cannot be directly transferred. Therefore, it is preferable to specify a rinsing volume or the product of pressure difference and rinsing time ° in the method which can be considered instrument independent. 

The alteration of the capillary walls by adsorption or other effects can be diminished by suitable equilibration and rinsing procedures. Routine analysis should be done on dedicated capillaries. 

To successfully transfer CE methods, the use of buffer recipes and defined rinsing procedures is strongly recommended. 

Step 3 Rinse the electrode and probe and dab them with a tissue to remove any excess water. An alternative rinsing procedure is to rinse with the next solution to be tested. Place the electrode and temperature probes in the next buffer. Wait for the reading. 

During these experiments, we also investigated more efficient trap rinse procedures. For example, the three U-tube traps normally used in these experiments were rinsed sequentially with CH2CI2, then CILCk-base (3-5 drops of 6 N NH4OH in 1 mL of CH2CI2), instead of only a CH2CI2 rinse (as in our small-scale experiments). 

This refers to the amount of time a work piece is actually in a tank being rinsed. Its effect on rinsing efficiency, and therefore its potential for source reduction, can be nearly as great as that of the previous two options.[21] Taken together, these three options provide a set of rinsing procedures which, when done well, can reduce dragout, and therefore waste requiring treatment by over 50%. 

Remove the supernatant solution and rinse the beads with 100 pL phosphate buffer containing 0.5% (v/v) Tween 20. Repeat this rinsing procedure three times. 

For bromophenol blue elution is very easy. It is, on the other hand, a cause of error during the rinsing procedure where dye is easily lost. For this dye and also for bromocresol green (F5), azocarmine (K19, V2), and lissamine green (Cla), alkaline eluates are the most suitable. For lissamine green 40 % (v/v) acetic acid has also been used (04). 

Dry in a hot air oven — if any white streaks are found on the sides of the vessels the rinsing procedure is inadequate. This may be a result of failure to rinse sufficiently or it may indicate that the deionised water supply is faulty. 

Vacuum filter the reaction mixture using the larger sintered glass funnel. Rinse the round-bottomed flask with 100 mL of methanol then use this to rinse the residue in the funnel. Repeat this rinsing procedure two more times. 

Sample-wall interactions may also be encountered with all other FFF techniques. The sample interaction with the accumulation wall can become a problem especially if thin channels are used to shorten elution times and to improve efficiency. For such cases, a rinsing procedure has been suggested [455]. 

To check the results, a second procedure was used to eliminate the possibility of lime soap deposits. In this procedure, the hands were vigorously rubbed in a 4% nonionic detergent (Neodol 45-llEO, Shell) solution in distilled water followed by extensive rinsing with distilled water. This second treatment gave contact angles which agreed within experimental error with those obtained by the soap/tap water rinse procedure. 

Electrochemical or chemical polishing, whatever is the rinsing procedure, leaves traces of chemicals at the surface (cyanide in the case of gold or silver, for instance). These polishing stages are followed either by annealing or by one of the final surface preparations (see Section IV.4). 

A typical in vitro permeation experiment will involve analysis of receptor samples at intervals up to 24-72 h. At the termination of the exposure period, the remaining formulation on the skin surface is often removed using a suitable rinsing procedure (which will depend... 

Removal of endotoxin from manufacturing equipment or materials can be done by appropriate washing and rinsing procedures. Pyrogen-free water can be obtained by several means. The oldest and most effective method is distillation —the heavyweight lipopolysaccharide molecules (MW of around 10 ) are left behind when water is rapidly boiled in a still. Reverse osmosis can remove 99.5 to 99.9% of water s endotoxin load in a single pass. For these reasons, distillation and reverse osmosis are the only two methods of preparing Water for injection allowed in the pharmacopoeias. The pharmacopoeial requirement for Wtuer for injection is that there should be no more than 0.25 EU (endotoxin units)/mL. 

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