Riboflavin Formula

After 3 h in the presence of riboflavin (formula [38]) and light, the electrophoretic mobility of Cat-3 increased similar to other catalases. The presence of singlet oxygen quenchers such as histidine and 5-aminosalicylic acid prevented this change. 

Riboflavin (Formula 6.9) is the prosthetic group of flavine enzymes, which are of great importance in general metabolism and particularly in metabolism of protein. 

Riboflavin is one of the B vitamins. It is also known as vitamin B6 and is made up of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms. When 10.00 g of vitamin B6 is burned in oxygen, 19.88 g of C02 and 4.79 g of H20 are obtained. Another experiment shows that vitamin B6 is made up of 14.89% N. What is foe simplest formula for vitamin Be ... 

FIGURE 10.1 The structural formula of riboflavin and partial structures of riboflavin compounds. The latter show only those portions of the molecule that differ from riboflavin. 1 — Riboflavin (RF), 2 — flavin mononucleotide or 5 -riboflavin monophosphate (FMN or 5 -FMN), 3 — flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). 

Vitamins occur naturally in many foods and raw materials. However the natural contents are often supplemented in many food products to ensure an adequate intake, for example in infant formulae, breakfast cereals and clinical nutrition products. Vitamins are usually added as nutrients and thus not covered in this chapter but may also be added as food colours (riboflavin, carotenes). The reader should refer to the following references for recent developments in... 

Recoveries 102% for thiamine and riboflavin from infant formula 101% for pyridoxine from infant formula. 

A standard reference material for infant formula has also been certified for vitamin C, riboflavin, niacin, and pyridoxine (197). Another recent study (198) indicated that off-the-shelf wheat germ is suitable for use as a secondary reference material for thiamine and niacin riboflavin was also evaluated but found to be somewhat unstable over time. Powdered orange drink was deemed suitable as a secondary reference material for vitamin C. 

GW Chase, WO Landen, RR Eitenmiller, A-GM Soliman. Liquid chromatographic determination of thiamine, riboflavin, and pyridoxine in infant formula. J AOAC Int 75 561-565, 1992. 

Therapeutic Function Enzyme cofactor vitamin source Chemical Name Riboflavin monomethylol Common Name -Structural Formula ... 

Riboflavin. Riboflavin is used as a dietary supplement in both human food and animal feed. The yellow-orange riboflavin crystals are only sparingly soluble in water. To include riboflavin in water-soluble formula-... 

Measure the peak responses obtained from the Standard Preparation and the Test Preparation, identifying the peaks to be measured in the chromatogram of the Test Preparation by comparing retention times with those of the peaks in the chromatogram of the System Suitability Preparation. Calculate the percentage of free riboflavin by the formula... 

Figure 9-15 Structural Formula of Riboflavin. Riboflavin R = OH Riboflavin phosphate R = POjNaOH.

Woollard, D.C. and Indyk-Harvey, E. Rapid determination of thiamine, riboflavin, pyri-doxine, and niacinamide in infant formulas by hquid chromatography. J. AOAC Int. 2002, 85,945-951. 

Riboflavin, vitamin B2 (Formula 9.17), is a yellow pigment present in many products of plant and animal origin. Milk and yeast are the best sources of riboflavin. 

Vitamin 63, also called riboflavin, has the chemical formula Cj2H2QN Og. What is the molecular mass of vitamin 63 What is its molar mass ... 

D3, and E riboflavin niacin folic acid and pyridoxine HCl may also be added to enhance the prodnct properties. Snch snpplements are commonly fortified to about 5% by weight of the final prodnct. A typical example of dry pet food formula is given in Table 11.2. There are several means by which dry pet foods can be prepared these inclnde baking, pelletizing, and extrnsion, which is the most popnlar. However, prior to these final steps, several other npstream processing steps are necessary and need to be performed with care as well. 

At present, over 3000 tons of riboflavin are industrially produced each year. About 70% of this material is used as feed additive in the form of free-flowing, spray-dried granules or microgranules. The remaining 30% are required for the fortification of foods like breakfast cereals, pastas, sauces, processed cheese, fruit drinks, vitamin-enriched milk products, baby formulas, and clinical infusions. 

D-ribo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentyl)isoalloxazine and 7,8-dimethyl-10-ribityhsoalloxazine its formula is C17H20N4O6. Riboflavin has a molar mass of 376.37 grams (13.3 ounces). It is heat-stabile but easily degraded by light. Riboflavin was referred to as vitamin G in the early part of the twentieth century because it was recognized as a dietary factor needed for growth. Riboflavin was first isolated in 1879, and its chemical structure was determined in 1933. 

Otto Shape s power supplement contains carnitine. However, his body can synthesize enough carnitine to meet his needs, and his diet contains carnitine. Carnitine deficiency has been found only in infants fed a soy-based formula that was not supplemented with carnitine. His other supplements likewise probably provide no benefit, but are designed to facilitate fatty acid oxidation during exercise. Riboflavin is the vitamin precursor of FAD, which is required for acyl CoA dehydrogenases and ETFs. CoQ is synthesized in the body, but it is the recipient in the electron transport chain for electrons passed from complexes I and II and the ETFs. Some reports suggest that supplementation with pantothenate, the precursor of CoA, improves performance. 

Glycerol kinase deficiency HMG-CoA lyase deficiency Methylmalonic aciduria Mitochondrial disorders 2-oxoadipic aciduria Propionic aciduria Additional causes Bacterial production MCT containing formulas Riboflavin deficiency (acquired)... 

Uses Catalyst in tan-accelerating formulations direct food additive nutrient, dietary supplement, source of riboflavin in foods, milk prods., infant formulas, and pharmaceuticals colorant in foods enzyme cofactor vitamin biological additive in cosmetics Regulatory FDA 21CFR 184.1697, GRAS Europe listed UK, Japan approved BP, EP compliance... 

Riboflavin Ready-to-feed milk-based infant formula Fluorimetry... 

The UPLC-MS/MS method has also been developed for fast simultaneous separation and determination of 14 different water-soluble vitamins and vitamin-like compounds in infant formula (thiamine, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, pyridoxine, pyridoxal, biotin, fohc acid, cyanocobalamin, ascorbic acid, L-camitine, choline, and taurine) [91], Methotrexate was also used as an internal standard for riboflavin, cyanocobalamin, biotin, and folic acid, while nicotinamide was used as an internal standard for the other compounds. 

Different infant formula, rice flour and wheat powder conunercial samples were tested using the developed method. The results demonstrated that the proposed method is both sensitive and selective enough to be applied for the fast determination of these compounds at a wide range of concentration levels in real samples. Vitamin C was not detected from aU the samples. The values for riboflavin and nicotinamide were 10 times higher than the value for cyanocobalamin. The vitamin compounds were also found at different low concentration-level ng/mL. 

Other popular sensitisers of singlet oxygen formation are acridin orange, methylene blue, and tolui-din blue (formula [79]) but many biological compounds are also effective in vitro, such as the water-soluble vitamin riboflavin and its derivatives flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide. 

Riboflavin or vitamin makes a prosthetic group of flavin enzymes where it can be reversibly reduced by hydrogen atoms (formula [38]). When exposed to light, riboflavin absorbs energy and reacts, via a triplet exited state, with other molecules such as protonated substrates or molecular oxygen, generating reactive species. In the type I photodynamic reaction, energy is transferred from a triplet sensi-tiser to O2 with the formation of O2. 

From certain higher fungi, e.g., Russula sp. pteridine pigments as well as fluorescent pteridines were isolated, which are closely related to riboflavin. Some of the russopteridines are represented by the following formulas ... 

Chemically, riboflavin may be described as a tricyclic, nitrogen-containing isoalloxazine ring-system with a ribitol side chain. Its systematic name is 7,8-dimethyl-10-(l-D-ribityl)-benzo[g]pteridin-2,4-dion, with an empirical formula of C17H20N4O6 and molecular weight of 376.36 g/mol. 

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