Rhinitis seasonal allergens

American Academy of Pediatrics allergen immunotherapy allergic rhinitis central nervous system histamine-1 receptor antagonist immunoglobulin E over the counter perennial allergic rhinitis seasonal allergic rhinitis... 

The ARIA paper [1] summarizes current knowledge on rhinitis and its link to asthma and features several main issues, presenting a new classification of rhinitis with reference to a similar classification as is currently used for asthma. Because of the long-term exposure to seasonal allergens in some countries and the seasonal variations also observed in mite allergen exposure [2], it was decided that the terms seasonal and perennial would not be very helpful for any decision in terms of treatment. Furthermore, seasonal and perennial... 

PI 1. Pullerits, T., Linden, A., Malmhall, C., and Lotvall, J., Effect of seasonal allergen exposure on mucosal IL-16 and CD4+ cells in patients with allergic rhinitis. Allergy 56, 871-877 (2001). 

These agents are an excellent choice for perennial rhinitis and can be useful in seasonal rhinitis, especially if begun in advance of symptoms. Some authorities recommend nasal steroids as initial therapy over antihistamines because of their high degree of efficacy when used properly along with allergen avoidance. 

For seasonal rhinitis, treatment should be initiated just before the start of the offending allergen s season and continue throughout the season. 

The patient may have a family history of allergy or asthma or have symptoms of allergic rhinitis. A history of exercise or cold air precipitating dyspnea or increased symptoms during specific allergen seasons also suggests asthma. 

M17. Minshall, E. M., Cameron, L., Lavigne, F., Leung, D. Y., Hamilos, D., Garcia-Zepada, E. A., Rothenberg, M., Luster, A. D., and Hamid, Q., Eotaxin mRNA and protein expression in chronic sinusitis and allergen-induced nasal responses in seasonal allergic rhinitis. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 17, 683-690 (1997). 

Q2 Perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis affects many individuals and can cause serious complications, such as otitis media and chronic sinusitis. The symptoms of allergic rhinitis can be caused by house dust mites, pollens, moulds and other allergens. 

Perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis are type 1 hypersensitivity reactions to an allergen. 

Lozewicz, S., Gomez, E., Cl e, J., Gatland, D. and Davies, KJ. (1990). Allergen-induced changes in the nasal mucous membrane in seasonal allergic rhinitis eflFect of nedocromil sodium. J. Allergy Clin. Irtununol. 85, 125-131. 

For seasonal allergic rhinitis, begin treatment before allergen exposure. Nonsedating agents should be tried first. If ineffective or too expensive for the patient, the older agents may be used. For perennial allergic rhinitis, use an intranasal steroid as an alternative to or in combination with systemic antihistamines. 

For seasonal allergic rhinitis, an option when congestion is present. Must begin therapy before allergen exposure. Excellent choice for perennial rhinitis. 

Prevents symptoms therefore, for seasonal allergic rhinitis, use before offending allergen s season starts. For perennial rhinitis, improvement may not be seen for up to 1 month. 

For seasonal rhinitis, treatment with cromolyn sodium should be initiated just before the usual start of the offending allergen s season and continued throughout the season. In perennial rhinitis, the effects may not be seen for 2 to 4 weeks therefore antihistamines or decongestants may be needed during this initial phase of therapy. As cromolyn sodium begins to work, the need for these medications should decrease. 

The effectiveness of immunotherapy for seasonal allergic rhinitis appears to be better than that seen with perennial rhinitis, in part because it is more difficult to determine which allergen is responsible for perennial symptoms, and it is more due to multiple sensitizations. Effectiveness has been shown in a number of clinical studies using a variety of pollen extracts, even in patients with severe disease resistant to pharmacotherapy." " Specific immunotherapy for house dust mites has had good results in appropriately selected patients, while several studies have described marked improvement in patients with allergy to cats. Data indicate that in some patients 3 years of immunotherapy may be sufficient to give lasting benefit." ... 

E.2 Inhaled allergens Exposure to these commonly results in hay fever and asthma. The main sources are pollens and fungal (mould) spores. Pollens from grasses such as Timothy (Phleum pratensis) and perennial Rye (Lolium perenne) as well as those of Plantapfo and Ambrosia species are important in causing seasonal hay fever and possibly asthma. Spores from fungi such as Cladospo-rium and Sporobolomyces have been implicated in rhinitis and asthma. 

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