Resveratrol Piceid

TABLE 6.8 Resveratrol, piceid, total phenols, and antioxidant capacity (TEAC) of someTokaji and German botrytized wines. Mean values are in parentheses (adapted from Pour Nikfardjam et al, 2006, and with permission from Elsevier)... 

Sato, M., Suzuki, Y., Okuda, T., Yokotsuka, K. (1997). Contents of resveratrol, piceid, and their isomers in commercially available wines made from grapes cultivated in Japan. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 61, 1800-1805. 

Epicatechin t-Caflaric Acid Caffeic Acid Malvidin-3- Glucoside Other Anthocyanins Quercetin Quercetin Glycoside Resveratrols Piceids Total by HPLC... 

Resveratrol Piceid Piceid SOmg/kg SOmg/kg lOOmg/kg... 

As shown in "Table (4)", it was found that administration of peroxidized com oil for 2 weeks caused liver injury with elevation of GOT and GPT as compared to the control rats. In peroxidized com oil-fed rats, simultaneous oral administration of 2,3,5,4 -tetrahydroxystilbene-2-(9-D-glucoside (50 mg or 100 mg/kg) inhibited the elevation of both GOT and GPT levels. The serum GPT level was also found to be reduced in rats orally given piceid (100 mg/kg) as compared to the peroxidized oil-fed rats. As shown in "Fig. (22)", lipid peroxide (LPO) content in the liver was lowered by the oral administration of 2,3,5,4 -tetrahydroxystilbene-2-(9-D-glucoside (50 mg or 100 mg/kg) or piceid (100 mg/kg) as compared to the peroxidized oil-treated group. Stilbenes such as resveratrol, piceid and 2,3,5,4 -tetrahydroxy-stilbene-2-(9-D-glucoside inhibited NADPH plus ADP-induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes dose-dependently "Fig. (23)". 

Resveratrol Piceid Piceid SOmglcg SOmglg tOOmgjkg... 

Kerem Z, BiUds I, Flaishman MA, Sivan L (2006) Antioxidant activity and inhibition of a-glucosidase by trani-resveratrol, piceid, and a novel trans-stilbene from the roots of Israeli Rumex bucephalophorus L. J Agric Food Chem 54 1243-1247... 

Resveratrol occurs in wine in free E and Z) and glycosidically bound forms. -resveratrol is present in concentrations ranging from trace amounts to 36 mg L , averaging 2 mg in red wines and has been found up to 8 mg in white wines [45]. For the bound forms of resveratrol (piceids), concentrations are reported to be in a range of 0.3-9 mg in red and 0.1-2.2 mg in white wines [41,46]. 

HPLC-MS has now become the analytical method of choice for the quantitation of stilbenoids in the grapevine and wine. Buiarelli et al. developed a method for the quantitation of several stilbenoid monomers E and Z forms of resveratrol, piceid, piceatannol, and astringin) in 19 red and 3 white Italian wines by HPLC-MS-MS using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer without the need for sample preparation [53]. The detection limits were about 50 ng mL for all these monomers. 

Stilbenes have a 1,2-diphenylethylene as their basic structure (C6-C2-C6). Resve-ratrol, the most widely known compound, contains three hydroxyl groups in the basic structure and is called 3,4, 5-trihydroxystilbene. In plants, piceid, the glucoside of resveratrol, is the major derivative of resveratrol. Stilbenes are present in plants as cis or trans isomers. Trans forms can be isomerized to cis forms by UV radiation (Lamuela-Raventos and others 1995). 

Romero-Perez AI, Ibern-Gomez M, Lamuela-Raventos RM and de la Torre-Boronat MC. 1999. Piceid, the major resveratrol derivative in grape juices. J Agric Food Chem 47(4) 1533—1536. 

Romero-Perez AI, Lamuela-Raventos RM, Andres-Lacueva C and Torre-Boronat MC. 2001. Method for the quantitative extraction of resveratrol and piceid isomers in grape berry skins. Effect of powdery mildew on the stilbene content. J Agric Food Chem 49(1) 210-215. 

R. M. Lamuela-Raventos et al., Direct HPLC Analysis of Cis- and 7>ans-resveratrol and Piceid Isomers in Spanish Red Vitis vinifera Wines, ... 

Yitrac X, Bornet A, Yanderlinde R, Vails JM, Richard T, Delaunay J-C, Merillon J-M, Teissedre P-L. 2005. Determination of stilbenes (8-viniferin, trans-astringin, trans-piceid, cis- and trans-resveratrol, e-viniferin) in Brazilian wines. J Agric Food Chem 53 5664-5669. 

Resveratrol and piceid are mainly present in grape and grape products, and its composition is affected by grape variety, maturity degree at harvest, fungal... 

Rimando et al., 2004 Sobolev and Cole, 1999 Tokusoglu et al., 2005]. In an adult Spanish cohort resveratrol and piceid, trans and czls-forms, were evaluated. Estimated median and mean of resveratrol and piceid were 100 and 933 pg/day, respectively, of which 98.4, 1.6, and less than 0.1% come from wines, grape and grape juice, and peanuts, pistachios, and berries, respectively [Zamora-Ros et al., 2008]. 

In summary, resveratrol absorption is higher as aglycon than piceid, although piceid can be hydrolyzed by (5-glucosidases in the enterocytes [Henry-Vitrac... 

The evaluation of pharmacokinetic analysis of resveratrol was carried out in different animal models such as rats, mice, and rabbits [Asensi et al., 2002 Chen et al., 2007 Juan et al., 2002 Marier et al., 2002 Sale et al., 2004] furthermore, pharmacokinetic analysis was also evaluated with other resveratrol derivatives such as piceid [Lv et al., 2006 Zhou et al., 2007], a Smilax china root extract [Huang et al., 2008], 3,4,5,4 -tetramethoxystilbene [Sale et al., 2004], piceatan-nol, pinosylvin, and rhapontigenin [Roupe et al., 2006] (Table 13.4). 

Various studies have focused on the metabolism of piceid, the glucoside of resveratrol. These studies are of great interest due to the higher amount of piceid compared to resveratrol in food. Therefore, bioavailability studies of this compound are required. In vitro studies have already observed the absorption of piceid in the enterocytes, but in vivo studies in animal models are still scarce. 

Zamora-Ros et al [2006] carried out the first work that assessed the bioavailability of resveratrol (provided by different wines) in a regular intervention during 28 day. The analyses were performed by LC-MS/MS. In the first study, 10 healthy males were recruited to consume 300 mL/day of sparkling wine (1.19 mg resveratrol/1). After 28 day of supplementation, urinary trans-and m-resveratrol-3-O-glucuronides were 75 and 38 nmol/g creatinine, respectively. In the second study, 10 healthy females were selected to consume 200 mL of white wine (1.99 mg resveratrol/L) or 200 mL of red wine (12.8 mg resveratrol/L) in a crossover clinical trial. Likewise after 28 days only resveratrol metabolites were detected in morning urine, trans- (205 and 473 nmol/g creatinine) and ra-resveratrol-3-O-glucuronidcs (58 and 140 nmol/g creatinine) were found after white and red wine intake, respectively. Those studies showed that urinary excretion was dose dependent. Furthermore, slight amounts of resveratrol metabolites were also detected at baseline periods. No free resveratrol or piceid were detected in any of the studies. 

Henry C, Vitrac X, Decendit A, Ennamany R, Krisa S, Merillon JM. 2005. Cellular uptake and efflux of trans-piceid and its aglycone traw-resveratrol on the apical membrane of human intestinal Caco-2 cells. J Agric Food Chem 53 798-803. 

Resveratrol-3-O-p-D-glucoside is called piceid. Resveratrol is a naturally occurring phytoalexin ( defender of the plant ) which is produced in response to an injury, such as mechanical trauma, ultraviolet light, and infection by pathogenic microorganisms, especially fungi, providing means for defense [Bertelli et al., 1995 Baolin et al., 2004 Bak et al., 2006 Baur et al., 2006]. It is formed via a condensation reaction between three molecules of malonyl CoA and one molecule of 4-coumaroyl CoA [Soleas et al., 1997], Resveratrol synthase facilitates this condensation reaction, which also produces four... 

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