Response to starvation

Studies have been carried ont on levels of hormones involved in the response to starvation and in control of the menstrual cycle in anorexic patients ... 

There are some important differences between lean and obese snbjects in their responses to starvation. 

Regulation of catalase expression in eukaryotes takes place as part of a generalized response mechanism. In yeast, promoter elements of the peroxisomal catalase CTA-1 respond to glucose repression and activation by fatty acids as part of organelle synthesis. The cytosolic catalase CTT-1 responds as part of a generalized stress response to starvation, heat, high osmolarity, and H2O2, and there is even evidence of translational control mediated by heme availability 26). 

Weisman, R. Choder, M. The fission yeast TOR homolog, torl-h, is required for the response to starvation and other stresses via a conserved serine. J. Biol. Chem., 276, 7027-7032 (2001)... 

Kroetz DL, Yook P, Costet P, Bianchi P, Pineau T. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha controls the hepatic CYP4A induction adaptive response to starvation and diabetes. J Biol Chem 1998 273 31581-31589. 

Black, D. (1983). The metabolic response to starvation and re-feeding in fish. Ph.D. thesis, University of Aberdeen, Scotland. 

Elia M. Metabolic response to starvation, injury and sepsis. In Payne-James J, Grimble G, Silk D, eds. Artificial nutrition support in clinical practice. London GMM, 2001 1-24. 

M. W. Schwartz and R. J. Seeley Neuroendocrine responses to starvation and weight loss. New England Journal of Medicine 336, 1802 (1997). 

Wek SA, Zhu S, Wek RC. 1995. The histidyl-tRNA synthetase-related sequence in the eJF-2a protein kinase GCN2 interacts with tRNA and is required for activation in response to starvation for different amino acids. Mol Cell Biol 15 4497-4506. (Demonstrates the mechanism of transduction of the uncharged tRNA signal by the eIF2a kinase, GCN2)... 

While SREBP-lc clearly plays a major part in the adaptation to feeding several starvation in vivo studies have provided strong evidence for the role of PPARa in the hepatic response to starvation (Kersten et al., 1999 Kroetz et al., 1998 Leone et al., 1999). 

Agarwal, M. K., Hastak, K., Jackson, M. W., Breit, S. N., Stark, G. R., Agarwal, M. L. (2006). Macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 mediates a p53-dependent protective arrest in S phase in response to starvation for DNA precursors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 103, 16278—16283. 

See also Ketone Bodies, Acetone, Response to Starvation (from Chapter 23)... 

See also Response to Starvation, Diabetes, Action of Insulin... 

See also Pancreas Anatomy, Action of Glucagon, Action of Epinephrine, Response to Starvation,... 

Al-Shamma, G.G.A., Fell, G.S. and Joffe, S.N. (1979). Response to starvation before and after a jejuno-ileal bypass operation for marked obesity. Scot. Med. J., 24, 20. 

This section describes a method to assess cell aggregation in response to starvation with or without an inhibitor, such as LY294002 see Note 7). This aggregation process includes chemotaxis and other cellular events. The method can also be applied to assess the defect in a mutant cell line. 

Saggerson, E.D. Carpenter, C.A. (19S2) Biochem. J. 208, 673-678. Response to starvation of hepatic carnitine activity and its regulation by malonyl-CoA—sex differences and effects of pr ancy. Guzman, M. Geelan, M.J.H. (1988) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 151, 781-787. Short-term r -ulation of carnitine palmitoyltransferase activity in isolated rat hepatocytes. 

This suggestion was supported by the observation that LOX activity in S. ferax dropped when the mycelium was triggered to reproduce. This drop in LOX activity was proportional to the strength of the starvation cue and did not merely reflect an overall decline in enzyme activity as the result of starvation because peroxidase activity did not show a similar drop in response to starvation [52]. A similar drop in LOX activity was observed in male strains of A. ambisexualis when they were exposed to the hormone antheridiol, their normal signal to initiate reproduction [51]. In contrast, S. parasitica that did not reproduce sexually in response to starvation cues showed no decline in LOX activity [52]. 

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