Respirators structure

Carrell, C. J., Zhang, H., Cramer, W. A., and Smith, J. L., 1997, Biological identity and diversity in photosynthesis and respiration structure of the lumen-side domain of the chloroplast Rieske protein. Structure 5 1613nl625. 

CJ Carrell, H Zhang, WA Cramer and JL Smith (1997) Biological identity and diversity in photosynthesis and respiration structure of the lumen-side domain of the chloroplast Rieske protein. Structure 5 1613-1625 SE Martinez, D Huang, A Szczepaniak, WA Cramer and JL Smith (1994) Crystal structure of chloroplast cytochrome f reveals a novel cytochrome fold and unexpected heme ligation. Structure 2 95-102 SE Martinez, D Huang, M Ponomarev, WA Cramer and JL Smith (1994) The heme redox center of chloroplast cytochrome f is linked to buried five-water chain. Protein Sci 5 1081-1092... 

Porphyrins and chlorophylls are the most widespread natural pigments. They are associated with the energy-converting processes of respiration and photosynthesis in living organisms, and the synthesis of specific porphyrin derivatives is often motivated by the desire to perform similar processes in the test tube. The structurally and biosynthetically related corrins (e.g. vitamin B,j) catalyze alkylations and rearrangements of carbon skeletons via organocobalt intermediates. The biosyntheses of these chromophores are also of topical interest. 

The places from which pollutants emanate are called sources. There are natural as well as anthropogenic sources of the permanent gases considered to be pollutants. These include plant and animal respiration and the decay of what was once living matter. Volcanoes and naturally caused forest fires are other natural sources. The places to which pollutants disappear from the air are called sinks. Sinks include the soil, vegetation, structures, and water bodies, particularly the oceans. The mechanisms whereby pollutants... 

The leaf structure has several important functions, three of which are photosynthesis, transpiration, and respiration (2). Photosynthesis is accomplished by chloroplasts in the leaf, which combine water and COj in the presence of sunlight to form sugars and release O2. This process is shown in Eq. (8-1). 

These general results have entailed much detailed chemical and pharmacological work on the influence of structural changes on particular items in the pharmacological action of morphine, e.g., its effect on respiration. ... 

Prokaryotic cells have only a single membrane, the plasma membrane or cell membrane. Because they have no other membranes, prokaryotic cells contain no nucleus or organelles. Nevertheless, they possess a distinct nuclear area where a single circular chromosome is localized, and some have an internal membranous structure called a mesosome that is derived from and continuous with the cell membrane. Reactions of cellular respiration are localized on these membranes. In photosynthetic prokaryotes such as the cyanobacteria,... 

All fruits respire oxygen and, in doing so, start to decay. If the oxygen concentration can be reduced, the rate of respiration will be slowed and the storage life maybe extended. The maintenance of a low partial pressure of oxygen requires a gas-tight structure to prevent diffusion. Such controlled atmosphere stores are carefully constructed and sealed to achieve this, and are generally termed gas stores. 

In the present section, in order to elucidate the essential part of chemistry in the respiration, the redox reaction between O2 in W and QH2 in O was investigated by adopting QH2 the structure and chemical property of which is well known, and the proton transfer at the W/O interface accompanied by the redox reaction was elucidated. The transfer of various ions other than protons coupled with the redox reactions was also discussed. 

K Horsfield, MJ Woldenberg. Branching ratio and growth of tree-like structures. Respir Physiol 63 97-107, 1986. 

RF Phalen, MJ Oldham. Tracheobronchial airway structure as revealed by casting techniques. Am Rev Respir Dis 128 S1-S4, 1983. 

From the standpoint of the relationship of almost all animal life, the transport of oxygen by heme (also written as haem in some literature) is the basis for respiration. Heme is one of several proteins that contain iron. Others include materials such as myoglobin, ferritin, transferritin, cytochromes, and ferrodoxins. In order to transport the oxygen required, the body of an average adult contains approximately 4 grams of iron. In species such as mollusks, oxygen is transported by proteins that contain copper instead of iron. These are sometimes referred to as the copper blues. The structure of heme is shown in Figure 22.19. 

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