Tracheobronchial airways

Gearhart, J. M., and Schlesinger, R. B. (1989). Sulfuric acid-induced changes in the physiology and structure of the tracheobronchial airways. Environ. Health Perspect. 79, 127-137. 

Phalen RF, Oldham HJ, Beaucage CB, et al. 1985. Postnatal enlargement of human tracheobronchial airways and implications for particle deposition. Anat. Rec. 212 368-380. 

RF Phalen, MJ Oldham. Tracheobronchial airway structure as revealed by casting techniques. Am Rev Respir Dis 128 S1-S4, 1983. 

Cohen, B.S., Harley, N.H., Schlesinger, R.B. and Lippman, M., Nonuniform Particle Deposition on Tracheobronchial Airways Implications for Lung Dosimetry. Presented at Second International Workshop on Lung Dosimetry, Cambridge, England, (September 1985). 

Phalen, R.F., M.J. Oldham, C.B. Beaucage, T.T. Crocker and J.D. Mortensen, Postnatal Enlargement of Human Tracheobronchial Airways and Implications for Particle Deposition, Anat Rec. in press. 

Inhalation of beryllium compounds can cause acute chemical pneumonitis, a very rapidly progressing condition in which the entire respiratory tract, including nasal passages, pharynx, tracheobronchial airways, and alveoli, develops an inflammatory reaction. Beryllium fluoride is particularly effective in causing this condition, which has proven fatal in some cases. 

Lippmann M, Schlesinger RB. 1983. Interspecies comparisons of particle deposition and mucociliary clearance in tracheobronchial airways. J Toxicol Environ Health 441-463. 

Erjefalt, I. and Persson, C.G.A. (1991b). Long duration and high potency of antiexudative effects of formoterol in guinea-pig tracheobronchial airways. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 144, 788-791. 

Figure 1 Deposition by impaction A schematic drawing of the respiratory tract, which can be seen as three filters in line, to protect the fragile alveoli from particles. The first two filters, mouth and throat and tracheobronchial airways, work by impaction (i.e., particles tend to continue forward and deposit when the gas flow changes direction). Impaction is the most important deposition mechanism for medical aerosols in the upper airways and in larger bronchus, and correlates well with the impaction parameter AD F. In the last filter, the bronchioles, impaction is insignificant owing to the large total cross-sectional area, leading to low velocities.

Cohen BS, Harley NH, Schlesinger RB, Lippmann M. Nonuniform particle deposition on tracheobronchial airways implications for lung dosimetry. Ann Occup Hyg 1988 32 1045. 

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