Granular filled

Concrete should not be poured directly on a vapor barrier as this would prevent drainage of excess bleed water from the concrete during curing, and tearing of the barrier. The vapor barrier should usually be covered with a minimum of 3 inches (75 mm) of compacted, self-draining granular fill upon which the concrete is poured. 

Polymers are often used in conjunction with other materials as composites. The most familiar types are the fiber-filled composites such as fiberglass and the carbon-, boron-, or Kevlar-filled advanced composites. Granular-filled composites such as those using clay as extenders in some plastics or ground quartz added to dental plastics to increase their wear resistance also represent an important class of materials. In these cases the presence of a second phase as well as the interface between polymer and filler increases the complexity of the failure analysis. 

Stockpiled RAP material may also be used as a granular fill or base for embankment or backfill construction, although such an application is not widely used and does not represent the highest or most suitable use for the RAP The use of RAP as an embankment base may be a practical alternative for material that has been stockpiled for a considerable time period, or may be commingled from several different project sources... 

The first level of subclassification is notified by a letter from A to S, and the second level of subclassification, where needed, is notified by a number from 1 to 5. For example, class 6F2 refers to a selected granular fill material, coarse grading, for capping. 

Shallow or deep trench drains filled with free-draining geomaterials (coarse granular fills and geosynthetics)... 

Compaaed granular fill support is shown in Exhibit 15-30. The top of the tank berm is 3 ft (0.900 m) wide, slightly sloped away from the tank wall, and coated with asphaltic concrete for weather protection. 

For granular fill material laboratory tests on samples retrieved from the boreholes include amongst others ... 

Determine the acceptability of these deformations or the need for soil improvement by comparing the predicted deformations with the relevant performance requirements. Soil improvement could include a surcharge and vertical drains to accelerate the consolidation process, compaction of the granular fill or soil replacement (see Chapter 7). 

Estimating the stiffness of a hydrauhc fill material is a different issue. In fact the fill material can be considered to be a very yoimg, non-aged soil deposit. In order to estimate the stiffness of a granular fill during the design phase, the following sequential procedure can be followed ... 

Generally the fill is tested shortly after the reclamation has been completed. This means that the above described approaches neglect the ageing effects. Neglecting these effects is a safe but conservative approach. Observations demonstrate that the cone resistance in granular fill may increase in time after the filling works and compaction of the material. 

Techniques to improve granular fill material are all based on compaction by means of the introduction of vibrations or heavy impacts (surface and deep compaction). 

It should be noted that the measurement of the compaction result is difficult. The standard approach used for granular fill, measuring the density as described in... 

The density of underwater granular fill is impossible to measure by sampling, because undisturbed samples cannot be retrieved. Therefore one has to rely on correlations between the Cone Resistance and the Relative Density (as a function of the effective stress). Researchers have established correlations between Cone Resistance (CPT), effective pressure and Relative Density based on results of Calibration Chamber Tests (section 8.3.5.3) performed on typical reference sands. The advantage of the Cone Penetration Test is that the Relative Density can be assessed over the entire depth of the fill mass. 

The geotextile reinforcement is placed on the seabed with the granular fill placed on top. To install the geotextile reinforcement efficiently, it is commonly formed into large panels onshore and then installed on the seabed using the fascine mattress... 

Farris, R. J., "Dilatation of Granular Filled Elastomers Under High Rates of Strain," J. Appl. Polymer Sci., 8,... 

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