Resin industry processing aids

As discussed in Chapter 10, a wide variety of additives is used in the polymer industry. Stabilizers, waxes, and processing aids reduce degradation of the polymer during processing and use. Dyes and pigments provide the many hues that we observe in synthetic fabrics and molded articles, such as household containers and toys. Functional additives, such as glass fibers, carbon black, and metakaolins can improve dimensional stability, modulus, conductivity, or electrical resistivity of the polymer. Fillers can reduce the cost of the final part by replacing expensive resins with inexpensive materials such as wood flour and calcium carbonate. The additives chosen will depend on the properties desired. 

Up-to-date compendiums on applications of infrared spectroscopy in applied polymer science are as follows. "An Infrared Spectroscopy Atlas for the Coatings Industry" (95) describes techniques, has liberal references to specific methods, and contains high-quality grating reference spectra on paint components and blended compositions. "Atlas of Polymer and Plastics Analysis," 2nd ed., by Hummel and Scholl (96), has issued two volumes Vol. 1, Polymers Vol. 3, on Additives and Processing Aids Vol. 2, on Plastics, Fibers, Rubbers, Resins, is in press. "Infrared Spectra of Plasticizers and Other Additives," 2nd ed., published by The Coblentz Society, Inc., is a high-quality IR reference spectrum collection (97). 

Ageflex FM-1Q80DMS EINECS 229-995-1 Ethan-aminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-2-((2-methyl-1-oxo-2-prop-enyl)oxy)-, methyl sulfate Ethanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-2-((2-methyl-1-oxo-2-propenyl)oxy)-, methyl sulfate (2-(Methacryloyloxy)ethyl)trimethylammonium methyl sulphate. Antistatic finish for polyester fibers, flocculant and coagulant for industrial process water treatment, flocculant for mineral recovery, ion exchange resins, adhesives, xid dye receptivity, electrostatic coatings on wood, retention aids for paper. Solid soluble in H2O, d = 1.183 cationic. Rit-Chem. 

Uses Antistatic finish for polyester fibers flocculant, coagulant for industrial process water treatment flocculant for min. recovery, ion exchange resins, adhesives, acid dye receptivity, electrostatic coatings on wood retention aid for paper food-contact paper/paperboard Reguiatory FDA 21CFR 176,170... 

Chem. Descrip. Alkylated petrol, hydrocarbon resin Uses Adhesives (hot-melt pressure-sensitive, mastic) coatings (aluminum, emulsion, industrial, marine, paper, traffic, wire/cable) inks rubber (cements, mechanical and molded goods, tires) concrete-curing compds. caulking compds. plasticizer, softener, processing aid in rubber compds. food-contact adhesives, rubber articles, wood preservatives... 

Reinforcing fillers used are carbon black and non-black fillers such as silica, clay, and calcium carbonate although the latter two are used more in lower cost industrial applications and not in tires. Protectant systems consist of antioxidants, antiozo-nants, and waxes. The vulcanization system essentially ensures that the optimum mechanical properties of the polymer system are achieved. Finally, the tire compound can contain various miscellaneous materials such as processing aids and resins. The materials scientist when designing a tire compound formulation has a range of objectives and restrictions within which to operate. Product performance objectives define the initial selection of materials. These materials must not raise environmental concerns, be processable in tire production plants, and be cost effective for the end user [4]. 

Epoxy resins are widely used as adhesives, surface coatings, encapsulates and casting materials. They are used in industrial tooling applications to produce moulds, master models, laminates, castings, fixtures, and other industrial production aids. This plastic tooling replaces metal, wood and other traditional materials, and generally improves the efficiency and lowers the overall cost or shortens the lead-time for many industrial processes. Epoxy resins are extensively used as a binder for marine paints, which is required to protect the naval structure from the corrosive marine environment. 

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