Residual stresses measuring

Tensor Field Tomography for Residual Stress Measurement in Class Articles. 

Atomic structure refinements or determinations and residual stress measurements, all in bulk materials... 

As with other diffraction techniques (X-ray and electron), neutron diffraction is a nondestructive technique that can be used to determine the positions of atoms in crystalline materials. Other uses are phase identification and quantitation, residual stress measurements, and average particle-size estimations for crystalline materials. Since neutrons possess a magnetic moment, neutron diffraction is sensitive to the ordering of magnetically active atoms. It differs from many site-specific analyses, such as nuclear magnetic resonance, vibrational, and X-ray absorption spectroscopies, in that neutron diffraction provides detailed structural information averaged over thousands of A. It will be seen that the major differences between neutron diffraction and other diffiaction techniques, namely the extraordinarily... 

Some practical cases are determination of residual stress in steel springs, the effect of mechanical loading on stress relaxation of machined and shot-peened nickel-base alloys,65 determination of residual stress level in turbine engine disks as they accumulate engine cycles,65 66 effect of manufacturing processes on residual stress, measurement of stress gradients in mechanical, electronic and structural components, effect of heat treatment on residual stress in steel coil springs, effect of variable heat treatment temperature on residual stress in iron alloys, measurement of stress in multiphase materials and composites and stress measurements at locations of stress concentrations. 

Noyan I.C. and Cohen J.B, "Residual Stress, Measurement by Diffraction and Interpretation , Material Research and Engineering Series, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1987... 

O. T. lancu, D. Munz, B. Eignemann, B. Scholtes and E. Macherauch, "Residual Stress State of Brazed Ceramic/Metal Compounds, Determined by Analytical Methods and X-ray Residual Stress Measurments," J. Amer. Ceram. Soc., 73 [5] 1144-1149 (1990). 

Residual stress measurement in thermal sprayed hydroxyapatite coatings. 

Figure 7.41 (a) Sample-based coordinate system for residual stress measurements.(b) Lat-... 

Noutomi, A. and Kodama, M. (1989) Residual stress measurement on plasma sprayed coatings. Weld. Int., 11, 947 —953. 

Brown SR, Turner IG, Reiter H (1994) Residual stress measurement in thermal sprayed hydroxylapatite coatings. J Mater Sci Mater in Med 5 756-759 Brown WE, Chow LC (1983) A new calcium phosphate setting cement. J Dent Res 63 672 Browne M, Gregson PJ (2000) Effect of mechanical surface pretreatment on metal ion release. Biomaterials 21 385-392... 

Residual Stress Measurement Scattering depends on local stress, which can be probed in regions as small as 0.7 pm in diameter by Raman spectroscopy. 

The obvious question is Why use them when other particles do interact strongly Neutrons offer distinct advantages over X-rays and other probes. They have a magnetic moment so they can detect magnetic ordering. Because they do not interact strongly they can be used to obtain bulk information. A major application is residual stress measurement in materials as a function of depth. 

Hardness is the measure for the resistance of a material against plastic deformation caused by an indenter. Hardness measurements are generally suited for cross-checking the results of residual stress measurements. The higher the compressive stress, the larger is typically the resistance against plastic deformation. The opposite is the case for residual tensile stresses. 

Figure 9 shows Vickers hardness measurements carried out on the identical surfaces as used for the residual stress measurements. At an indentation time of ti = 20 s, an indentation force of F = 300 mN was used. The results are depicted in. Each data point is the average of at... 

Macherauch E, Miiller P (1961) Das sin -Verfahren der ibntgenographischen Spannungsmessung. [The sin t-method in X-ray residual stress measurement]. Z Angew Physik 13(7) 305-312 (in German)... 

Raman spectroscopy for mechanical residual stress measurements... 

The "explansion procedure creates residual stress in the transition zone between the explanded and unexplanded regions of tubing. Residual stress measurements have been performed on this transition zone by X-ray diffraction. The results verify the absence of any high residual tensile stress in the transition zone. Material specifications such as the use of thermally treated tubing, welding, and fabrication procedures preclude the need for complete-bundle stress relief after assembly. 

Residual Stress Measurement in a Hydrostatic Pump Bearing... 

H. Aben, L Ainola, J Anton, Integrated photoelasticityfor nondestructive residual stress measurement in glass. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, Vol 33,1,2000,49-64. 

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