Residential heating fuels

Lee, S. W. (1992) Characteristics and performance of Canadian residential heating fuels. Fuel, 71, 949-954. 

Fuel Oil - Any liquid petroleum product burned for the generation of heat in a furnace or firebox, or for the generation of power in an engine. Domestic (residential) heating fuels are classed as Nos. 1, 2, 3 Industrial fuels as Nos. 4, 5, and 6. 

Carbon footprint of residential heating systems based on fossil fuels... 

The development of district heating systems is linked with the development of other systems such as combined heat and power systems, which generate waste heat, together with power. These increase the fuel use efficiency [35]. Also heat pumps should be introduced in residential heating systems [18]. In some countries like Norway, district heating system s GHG emissions have been compared with those of individual heating systems and it has been found that the first have lower C02 emissions. 

Table 13.5. European companies manufacturing fuel-cell products for residential heating...

Table II. Distribution of Residential Space Heating Fuels (% of Housing Units)...

PANELIST PASSMAN First, I would like to clarify my statement. I said that my personal opinion was that transportation fuel will be the first one that would cause a demand for synthetic fuels, because I thought that as a result of current world situations, we might have lines at the pump again and the outcry would be, "With all you 10 billion a year, what have you done for transportation fuels " I didn t really say it was the first priority nationally. I think that priorities have been set for natural gas which indicates that residential heating is probably going to be the first priority. Before we let people become cold, we will close up a lot of other things. 

Products from fossil fuel combustion are emitted from residential heating systems, e.g. PAH (Traynor et al, 1990). 

Diesel fuel Aviation fuel Gasoline Incineration Structural fires Residential wood burning Utility power generation Home heating fuel Commercial fuel Sulfates... 

There are millions of combustion sources in the United States. Residential heating units burn oil, gas, coal and wood for heat. Larger commercial, institutional, and utility boilers burn fossil fuels to generate heat and electricity. Many industrial processes involve the combustion of fuels and other raw or waste materials to produce heat and/or recover products of marketable value. 

Fuji Electric Advanced Technology of Japan is working on developing similar sized 1 kW residential PEM fuel cell power units. "Its third generation units have an electrical efficiency of 31%, heat recovery efficiency of 42% and an operating life of 10 000 h whilst its pre-production unit, currently under development, will have an electrical efficiency of 32%, heat recovery efficiency of 42% and a targeted 20 000 h lifetime," notes Adamson (2005). Fuji has run several small demonstrations of its fuel cell systems and hopes to commercialize them by 2008 at 12000-16000 each, but with a goal of 2500-4000 by 2015 (Adamson 2005). 

All sites were influenced by residential heating emissions, mostly during November-April. Besides coal (coke and lignite) also wood is a significant fuel for residential heating in the Czech Republic. The urban sites were in addition influenced by road traffic and industries. Traffic is also relevant as source for the rural sites with the exception of the Bosnian background site and the high mountain site. 

In addition to its widespread use in power generation, coal is also used for heat generation in residential settings across many countries, as too are liquid and gas-phase fossil fuels (Lighty et al. 2000). Such practices can affect ambient air quality, and Junninen et al. (2009) estimated that up to 58% of PMio concentrations measured in the Polish town of Zakopane were due to residential heating. 

Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency (AFUE) - The measure of seasonal or annual efficiency of a residential heating furnace or boiler. It takes into account the cyclic on/off operation and associated energy losses of the heating unit as it responds to changes in the load, which in turn is affected by changes in weather and occupant controls. 

Wood and coal fueled stoves and wood-burning fireplaces are frequently used for residential heating. The combustion of wood and coal is often incomplete due to slow, low-temperature burning with insufficient access to air at the burning surface. This results in formation of large amounts of PAH, which may be released directly to the atmosphere. 

About 88% of our annual coal production is burned to produce electricity. Only 1 % is used for residential and commercial heating. Although the use of coal is on the rise, its use as a heating fuel has declined because it is a relatively dirty fuel, bulky to handle, and a major cause of air pollution (because of its sulfur content). The dangers of deep coal mining and the environmental disruption caused by strip mining contributed to the decline in the use of coal. 

Agricultural waste burning Wild oil well fires Proscribed forest fires Residential heating and cooking using fossil and biomass fuels Tobacco smoking... 

William Aaron Hart. In 1821, the first natural gas well in the United States was drilled in Fredonia, New York, by a gunsmith named William Aaron Hart. Hart piped the gas from a 27-foot well to nearby buildings for use as a lighting fuel. Between 1821 and 1865, more than 300 natural gas companies were established. In 1859, crude oil was discovered in Titusville, Pennsylvania with this discovery, natural gas research and production took a serious downturn from which the industry would not rebound until 1920. Today, natural gas is frequently used for cooking, industrial and residential heating, and as an alternative fuel source. 

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