Research development interface

The present volume gives a general and at the same time rather detailed review on main research developments in the field of dendrimers (oligomer and polymer) during the past several years, but also offers views and visions of the future - of what could soon be achieved in this area at the interface between small organic molecules and macromolecules (polymers). We are sure that the rapid development of fractal-shaped molecules will continue in academic institutes as well as in industry - there is still more to come. 

In the pharmaceutical industry, while drug research or R D is formulating the active product, basic packaging presentations will be vetted as primary containers (i.e. for material stability and compatibility). However, once the drug moves into the production development interface, its total packaging design and application for production, distribution, market (and supplier) necessitates close formal liaison between the writers of the component specification and the quality inspection procedure. 

Michelle P. Roettger received her B.S. in hiochemistry from Otterbein College, Westerville, Ohio, and her M.S. in biochemistry from The Ohio State University (OSU), Columbus, Ohio. In 2008, she received her Ph.D. in biochemistry from OSU, where she was an NIH Chemistry-Biology Interface Program Fellow. Under the supervision of Ming-Daw Tsai, her dissertation research focused on the catalytic mechanism of DNA polymerase [3. Currently, Michelle is working in the pharmaceutical industry under Research Development. 

This method is used for stability, research development, and for production quality control. Hardness testers are available from many vendors and today, many labs are using bench top models that can directly be interfaced to a laboratory information management system (LIMS). Figure 10.4 shows a typical hardness tester. 

Drops of liquids have held researchers interest for many years. As mathematical curiosities for famous early fluid dynamicists, the pendant drop from a capillary provided an interesting and practical challenge. Young (1805) and Laplace (1806) independently developed the theory of surface tension and drop formation while the first analytical solutions to their theory were completed by Gauss in 1830. Much of the early woik on pendant drops involved numerous methods involving the determination of drop volume or shape with experimental techniques and using the available theory to determine surface tension of the liquid-gas interface. These methods are well detailed in the works by Adamson, Padday, and Reed Hah. ITie studies of the early researches developed into the rich and diversified field of interfacial fluid dynamics. The advancement of theory and numerical techniques has steadily increased the ability of researchers to better understand and control interfacial behaviors. 

In this commentary the research developments and future perspectives of XPS characterization of nanostmctured materials will be reviewed, with particular attention to surface and interface effects for nanoparticles of different sizes and shapes. Reports on these extremely important topics will be addressed. 

American Vacuum Society (AVS) http //www.avs.org (accessed August 12, 2010). AVS is a nonprofit organization that promotes communication, education, networking, recommended practices, research, and the dissemination of knowledge on an international scale, in the application of vacuum and other controlled environments to understand and develop interfaces, new materials, processes, and devices through the interaction of science and technology (from Web page). 

The current research does not completely show smooth integration, yet feasibility has been demonstrated. Future research efforts will include developing interfaces to master scheduling programs and providing for smoother implementation of an integrated CAD/CAPP/CAM system. 

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