Reproductive system contraceptives

Gingivitis, of varying degrees of severity, is sometimes associated with oral contraceptive use, apparently because the steroids alter the microbial flora in the mouth (201). A case of gingival hyperplasia is described under Reproductive system . 

Deligeoroglou E, Michailidis E, Creatsas G. Oral contraceptives and reproductive system cancer. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003 997 199-208. 

Prominent among toxicants that adversely affect both male and female reproductive systems are endocrine disruptors (see Section 9.7). Toxicants that mimic the actions of sex hormones are agonists, and those that prevent hormonal action or bind competitively to hormone receptor sites are antagonists,12 Male patients treated with cimetidine for peptic ulcers have exhibited low sperm counts and abnormal breast enlargement, a condition called gynecomastia. Gynecomastia has also been caused in men working in oral contraceptive production. Ketoconozole inhibits the enzymes required to produce hormones involved in sperm production and can immobilize sperm in seminal fluid. 

Monthly cycles of hormones from the pituitary gland cause ovulation, the release of an egg from an ovary. To prevent pregnancy, the two synthetic hormones in many oral contraceptives have different effects on the female reproductive system. 

Obstetrics/gynecology. Research pertaining to the care of women during pregnancy and childbirth, as well as to the study of the women s reproductive system in general. Studies in these areas include contraception, hormone-replacement therapy, menopause, menstrual disorders, ovarian cysts, postmenopausal syndrome, pregnancy/labor/delivery, yeast infections, and others. 

The hot water and alcohol extracts of the roots of T. wilfordii have shown effects on the reproductive system and this fact has stimulated a great deal of research, particularly relating to the male reproductive system, and their possible use as a birth control agent. Studies in animals and humans have provided considerable encouragement for the development of a novel nonsteroidal male contraceptive agent [173]. In this context, pharmacological... 

Reproductive system Intrauterine contraceptive devices (lUCDs) can migrate to unusual locations in the body. Ovarian penetration by a copper-based device has again been reported [24 ]. 

As such it has a whole series of effects on the human nervous, endocrine and reproductive systems. In women, MPA is used safely as a contraceptive, for hormone replacement therapy, or to treat menstrual problems. But on men it counteracts the effects of androgen (the male hormone), leading to a reduction in their sex drive, their compulsive sexual fantasies, and their capacity for sexual arousal. 

Reproductive system In a randomised controlled trial of benzalkonium chloride contraceptive gel, leucorrhagia and vaginal irritation symptoms (itching and burning) were found in 5.8% of women who had used the gel for 6montiis [56 ]. 

SAFETY PROFILE Suspected human carcinogen producing Mver tumors. An experimental teratogen. Human systemic effects by ingestion dyspnea, nausea or vomiting, and fever. Experimental reproductive effects. Used as an oral contraceptive. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. 

Studies confirmed potent contraceptive activity. Vaginal irritation test was not associated with any local, systemic, or reproductive toxicity. 

Beck L. R. and Tice, T. R. (1983) Poly(lactic acid) and poly(lactic acid-co-glycol-ic acid) contraceptive delivery systems, in Advances in Human Fertility and Reproductive Endocrinology Vol. 2, Long Acting Steroid Contraception, Raven Press, New York, pp. 175-199. 

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