Renewable energy storage

Significant innovation and technical progress are being made across a number of utilisation technologies. The electrochemical reduction could be really attractive because it is an excellent way for renewable energy storage. 

Autonomous power systems can be based on renewable energy (RE) units, such as wind turbines, photovoltaic systems or small hydro power stations and fossil-fuel generators. Due to the intermittent nature of renewable energy, storage devices and/or appropriate demand management strategies are necessary when conventional generators are not included in the system. 

Bae C, Roberts EPL, Chakrabarti MH, Saleem M (2011) All-chromium redox flow battery for renewable energy storage. Int J Green Energy 8 248-264. doi 10.1080/15435075.2010. 

Chakrabarti MH, Mjalli FS, AlNashef IM et al (2014) Prospects of applying ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents for renewable energy storage by means of redox flow batteries. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 30 254-270. doi 10.1016/j.rser.2013.10.004... 

Regenerative Fuel Cells, Fig. 1 Renewable energy storage using a regentaative fuel cell system... 

In 2011, General Electric in the USA began producing nickel chloride batteries under the name Durathon. They are intended for grid-connected renewable energy storage, telecoms applications and, more generally, backup power supply and industrial transport needs. 

Another major potential outlet for hydrogen batteries is renewable energy storage (photovoltaic energy, wind power, etc.). Many projects have been carried out with RFCs over the past 25 years (see section 2.9.2.1). French industry is rather heavily involved with the projects PEPITE [GAI 11], MYRTE [MYR 13] and JANUS [JAN 12], for which the company AREVA Stockage d Energie supplies H2/O2 batteries (see Figure 2.45). 

The major battery technologies that have been considered from time to time for electric-vehicle, utility energy storage, and renewable energy storage applications are listed in Table 37.5, together with the chapter numbers in the Handbook in which each is discussed. The companies that are most active in the development of improved and/or advanced batteries for these applications are listed in Table 37.6. U.S. National Laboratories and similar organizations that are involved in advanced battery R D are also shown in Table 37.6. 

John Turner of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory discussed renewable energy storage, generation, and utilization (see Chapter 7). He proposed that advanced renewable energy systems may... 

Over the last decade, driven by consumer electronics, power tools, and recently automotive and renewable energy storage, electrochemical energy storage chemistries and devices have been developed at a never before seen pace. New chemistries have been discovered, and continued performance increases to estab-Hshed chemistries are under way. With these developments, we decided to update the handbook from 1999. The new edition is completely revised and expanded to almost double its original content... 

Over the last few years, the emphasis in research has shifted towards storage technologies that improve the manageability of energy systems or facilitate the integration of renewable energy sources. 

Paksoy, H.O., et al., 2000. Heating and cooling of a hospital using solar coupled with seasonal thermal energy storage in an aquifer, Renewable Energy, 19, 117-122. 

Bascetincelik, A., Ozturk, H.H., Paksoy, H.O., and Demirel, Y., 1999, Energetic and exer-getic efficiency of latent heat storage system for greenhouse heating, Renewable Energy 16 691-694. 

Keywords snow, cooling, energy storage, renewable energy, pilot plant, operation... 

Barton J.P, Infield D.G., Energy storage and its use with intermittent renewable energy, IEEE Trans. Energ. Convers., 19(2), 441-448, 2004. 

Kottenstette, R. and Cotrell, J. Hydrogen Storage in Wind Turbine Towers, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, NREL/TP-500-34656,2003. 

Dillon, A.C., B.P. Nelson, Y. Zhao, Y.-H. Kim, C.E. Tracy, S.B. Zhang, Importance of turning to renewable energy resources with hydrogen as a promising candidate and on-board storage a critical barrier. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 895,115-122, 2006. 

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