Energy storage and utilization

Conceptual Insights, Overview of Carbohydrate and Fatty Acid Metabolism. View this media module to better understand how glycogen metabolism fits in with other energy storage and utilization pathways (glycolysis, citric acid cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, and fatty acid metabolism). 

The conversion of molecular nitrogen to ammonia constitutes a potentially useful energy-storage reaction utilizing abundant raw material. The interaction of molecular dinitrogen with metal centers has been studied in considerable depth. It has been shown that N2 can be bound and reduced to NH3 at Mo, W, V, or Fe centers, particularly where these metals are in a low oxidation state and have a tertiary phosphine environment.312... 

While starch is the major structural polysaccharide, plant energy storage and regulation utilize a combination of similar polysaccharides that are referred to as starch. Starch can be divided into two general structures, largely linear amylose (structure 9.17) and largely branched amylopectin (structure 9.18). 

Fig. 21.2 Major effects of AMPK activation on numerous tissues. AMPK plays a key role in regulating whole body energy storage and expenditure. In hypothalamus, AMPK is involved in regulation of satiety and food intake. Activation of AMPK in the hypothalamus increases food intake, whereas inhibition decreases intake. In peripheral tissues such as skeletal muscle and liver, activation of AMPK increases energy expenditure by stimulating mitochondrial genesis and energy substrate utilization. AMPK also regulates lipolysis in adipose tissue and insulin secretion in pancreas.

Lynch, F. E. and Snape, E., The Role of Metal Hydrides in Hydrogen Storage and Utilization, "Hydrogen Energy Systems", 1978, Zurich, Pergamon Press, 3, 1475. 

Many, perhaps most, of recent (since 1980), utility-scale BESSs are presented in Table 10.1. For each BESS, details are given of the location, rated capacity, principle applications, and date of installation. The more familiar systems, i.e., those for which descriptive information is reasonably available, are discussed below. In recent years, the lead-acid battery, energy-storage, and related industries have often been involved in acquisitions and other corporate structure changes such that name changes have taken place. The following discussion uses names that were appropriate when the BESSs came to public attention. 

Turner, John A. Renewable Energy Generation, Storage, and Utilization, in Carbon Management Implications for R D in the Chemical Sciences Technology A Workshop Report to the Chemical Sciences Roundtable, National Academy Press (2001). 

National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council Workshop on Carbon Management, entitled "Renewable Energy Generation, Storage and Utilization", January 8,... 

For the species to survive, it is necessary for us to store excess food when we eat and to use these stores when we are fasting. Regulatory mechanisms direct compounds through the pathways of metabolism involved in the storage and utilization of fuels. These mechanisms are controlled by hormones, by the concentration of available fuels, and by the energy needs of the body. 

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