Removal of hazards

Many accidents have occurred because equipment, though isolated correctly, was not completely freed from hazardous materials or because the pressure inside it was not completely blown off and the workers carrying out the repair were not made aware of this. 

It is usual to test for the presence of flammable gas or vapor with a combustible gas detector before maintenance, especially welding or other hot work, is allowed to start. The following incidents show what can happen if these tests are not carried out or not earned out thoroughly. Large pieces of equipment or those of complex shape should be tested in several places, using detector heads at the ends of long leads if necessary (see Section 5.4.2 d). 

The tank had contained a light naphtha and had not been thoroughly cleaned before repairs started. It had been filled with water and then emptied, but some naphtha remained in various nooks and crannies. (It might, for example, have gotten into the hollow roof supports through pinholes or cracks and then drained out when the tank was emptied.) No tests were carried out with combustible gas detectors. 

It is believed that the vapor was ignited by welding near an open vent. The body of the welder was found 100 ft up on the top of a neighboring gasholder, still holding a welding toreh. 

According to the incident report, there was no clear division of responsibilities between the Gas Board and the contractor who was carrying out the repairs. Where, as in this case, a special risk is likely to arise due to the nature of the work performed (and the owner of the premises has special knowledge of it), the owner must retain sufficient control of the operation to ensure that contractors e.mployees are properly protected against the risk [4], 

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Efforts to decrease the risk of falling include balance training, muscle strengthening, removal of hazards in the home, installation of fall-reduction measures such as handrails in the home, and discontinuation of predisposing medications.1,2,10 Additionally, the use of hip protectors is an effective way to prevent hip fractures, although adherence to this measure is poor, and some patients may not be amenable to wearing them at all.10... 

KoybayashI, H. and Rittman, B.E., Microbial removal of hazardous organic compounds, Environ. Sci. Technol., 16, 170a-183a, 1982. 

Stripping of electrical and electronic waste appliances must be carried out properly. During the processing of waste appliances (e.g., in shredders), it is essential to avoid that components highly contaminated with hazardous substances end up in fractions that are intended for recycling. It is furthermore necessary to ensure that the disposal of treatment residues (e.g., shredder residues) is not impeded by the presence of hazardous substances. As a rule, components containing particularly hazardous substances are to be removed manually. Future disposal processes, such as pyrolysis, may allow recycling of appliances without prior removal of hazardous substances, in which case it will be possible to do without the disassembly of hazardous components.411... 

Klibanov AM (1982) Enzymatic removal of hazardous pollutants from industrial aqueous effluents. Enzym Eng 6 319-323... 

The latter concept implies providing local life support systems for unfriendly environments. By now, Ukrainian scientists and engineers have developed a variety of processes for potable water treatment by adsorption, electrochemical oxidation, electrocoagulation, electro-coprecipitation, electrodialysis, electrofloatation, floatation, membrane techniques etc. Each family must get small units for water purification, air cleaning and removal of hazardous substances from the food as soon as possible, for it may take decades to introduce cleaner production on a national scale. Here, we should follow the example of Western business people who bring with them to Ukraine devices enabling a safe existence in this unfriendly environment. 

Handling and removal of hazardous waste products 6.1 Introduction 10.8 Briefing and information... 

Bell, J.P. and Tsezos, M. Removal of hazardous organic pollutants by biomass adsorption, /. Water Pollut. Control Fed., 59(4) 191-198, 1987. 

Decontamination This term refers to the removal of hazardous materials from personnel and equipment to the extent necessary to prevent potential adverse health effects. Contaminated clothing and equipment should be removed after use and stored in a controlled area (referred to as the hot zone) until cleanup procedures can be initiated. In some cases, protective clothing and equipment cannot be decontaminated and must be disposed of in a proper manner. 

Geckeler, K.E. and K. Volchek, Removal of hazardous substances from water using ultrafiltration in conjunction with souble polymers. Environmental Science and Technology, 1996. 30(3) p. 725-734. 

Blake DM. Bibliography of Work on the Photocatalytic Removal of Hazardous Compounds from Water and Air. NREL/TP-510-31319, Golden, CO National Renewable Energy Laboratory (htpp /www.nrel.gov/chemistry bioenergy/chemistry.html). 

New starch products might be derived from emulsion copolymerization with synthetic monomers and the replacement of all-synthetic polymers. Potential applications could be in flocculation, sizing, modified rheological characteristics, bonding to a wide range of substrates, film formation and in effluent treatment. A critical requirement will be the removal of hazardous residuals and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for use in specific paper grades. 

Alberti BN, Klibanov AM (1982) Peroxidase for removal of hazardous aromatics from industrial wastewaters. In Exemer JH (ed) Detoxification of hazard waste. Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor... 

Waste treatment processes can use liquid-liquid or solvent extraction for removal of hazardous substances. Metal ions can be removed from wastewaters by liquid-liquid extraction processes involving ion exchange. Barium ions can be removed from wastewaters by treatment with a solution of dinonylnaph-thalenesulfonic acid in heptane. 

Blake, Daniel. M., Bibliography of work on the Heterogeneous Photocatalytic removal of Hazardous Compounds from Water and Air, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Update No. 4 to October (2001). 

Prevention or removal of hazard (e.g., closing down an aging industrial facility that cannot implement safety regulations). 

Blake, D.M. (2001) Bibliography of work on the heterogeneous photocatalytic removal of hazardous compounds from water and air (Update Number 4), Technical Report, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO. 

Suzuki, K. et al., A Study of Removal of Hazardous Metals and RadionucUdes in Ground Water, WM 97 (Proc. Conf. Tuscon, AZ, 1997) WM Symposia, Inc., Tuscon, AZ, 1997. 

H. Kobayashi, and B.E.Rittmann, "Microbial Removal of Hazardous Organic Compounds , Environmental Science and Technology, v. 16, n. 3, 1982, p. 170A. 

Removal of hazardous pollutants from gaseous effluents... 

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