Reliability behavior

Hopkins, B. L., Conard, R. J., and Smith, M. J. (1986), Effective and Reliable Behavioral Control Technology, Amencun Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Vol. 47, pp. 785-791. 

K. Kurosawa, Y. Takeda, K. Takagi, and H. Kawamata, Investigation of Reliability Behavior of Plated-Through-Hole Multilayer Printed Wiring Boards, IPC-TP-385, IPC, Evanston, 111., 1981. 

Genetic circuits must integrate specific components or network motifs that make them robust to fluctuations in the kinetics of biochemical reactions. Gene expression tends to be noisy because of the stochastic nature of the constituent biochemical reactions (Elowitz et al., 2002 McAdams and Arkin, 1997). In addition, fluctuations in environmental conditions, such as temperature and nutrient levels, affect cellular metabolism and consequently the operation of genetic circuits. Circuits that achieve reproducible, reliable behavior must do so despite components whose behavior fluctuates considerably. Mitigating the effects of gene expression noise will probably require a solution that incorporates positive and negative feedback loops. 

The main object of this paper is to analyze the reliability of the complex mechanical system on the base of the Lambda-Tau (L-T) methodology and fuzzy math. In order to quantify the uncertain of the system reliability more close, this paper utilizes the improved artificial bee colony algorithm to optimize the L-T methodology. The obstacle of the complex structure will be conquered with the help of the petri nets approach. An example of a satellite antenna drive system is taken account to demonstrate this method. The system reliability model of the drive system is built by the petri net and the reliability behavior is analyzed with the lABCBLT proposed in this paper. At last, the results obtained from GABLT, PSOBLT and traditional ABCBLT are compared and it can be conducted that that the method proposed by this paper could get more precise results in uncertain mathematic. 

The reliability behavior analysis of the biaxial drive system with the lABCBLT methodology... 

ABSTRACT A Multi-state system is a mathematical model in reliability engineering, which allows considering some performance level in the system reliability behavior. The principal problem in reliability engineering is identification of system components that have the most influence on the system reliability, direct partial logic derivatives are one of possible approaches. In this paper, the development of direct partial logic derivatives to identify minimal cut sets (or minimal cut vectors) is considered. This development is used for calculation of the Fussell-Vesely importance measure. 

Recently, Block et al. (2013b) discussed the reliability behavior of repairable units at fleet level. They performed a case study and evaluated the goodness of fit of the estimated linear curves... 

Many austenitic stainless steel candidates for Generation IV systems belong to the same families as those successfully used in the past or at the present time. From the previous projects it can be learned that high quality and traceabUity in material supply and component fabrication are needed to guarantee safe and reliable behavior during... 

Epstein, M. H., Hertzog, M. A., Reid, R. (2001). The Behavioral and Emotional Rating Scale Long term test-retest reliability. Behavioral Disorders, 26, 314-320. 

The formation of some phases in solder alloys can be the cause of adverse reliability behaviors in solder joints. Interconnections consisting of Pl 4Sn soldered to Au/Ni terminal pads provide an important example of how the fast diffusion of metal atoms in Sn results in the growth of intermediate alloys that dramatically affect interconnection reliability. When eutectic Sn Pb solder is initially refiowed on an Au/Ni surface, the thin (generally submicron) coating of Au rapidly dissolves into the molten Sn-Pb solder, whereas Ni3Sri4 is formed at the Ni/Sn Pb solder interface (Fig. 14). 

While many methods for parameter estimation have been proposed, experience has shown some to be more effective than others. Since most phenomenological models are nonlinear in their adjustable parameters, the best estimates of these parameters can be obtained from a formalized method which properly treats the statistical behavior of the errors associated with all experimental observations. For reliable process-design calculations, we require not only estimates of the parameters but also a measure of the errors in the parameters and an indication of the accuracy of the data. 

This test attempts to characterize the brittleness of bitumen at low temperatures. It consists of measuring the temperature at which fissures appear on a bitumen film spread on a blade as it is repeatedly flexed. This test is delicate and of questionable reliability, but it is currently the only one that allows the elastic behavior of bitumen on decreasing temperature to be characterized. It is standardized in France (T 66-026). 

In the intervening years mueh excellent analytical work has been done by Libby, Lord, Dodd, Deeds, Palanisamy and many others which has given us a practical method of understanding eddy current behavior in many applications including nuclear inspection and aerospace where problems of safety and reliability have become so important to us all. 

Completely ah initio predictions can be more accurate than any experimental result currently available. This is only true of properties that depend on the behavior of isolated molecules. Colligative properties, which are due to the interaction between molecules, can be computed more reliably with methods based on thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, structure-activity relationships, or completely empirical group additivity methods. 

Most of the envisioned practical applications for nonlinear optical materials would require solid materials. Unfortunately, only gas-phase calculations have been developed to a reliable level. Most often, the relationship between gas-phase and condensed-phase behavior for a particular class of compounds is determined experimentally. Theoretical calculations for the gas phase are then scaled accordingly. 

The behavior of elements (toxicity, bioavailability, and distribution) in the environment depends strongly on their chemical forms and type of binding and cannot be reliably predicted on the basis of the total concentration. In order to assess the mobility and reactivity of heavy metal (HM) species in solid samples (soils and sediments), batch sequential extraction procedures are used. HM are fractionated into operationally defined forms under the action of selective leaching reagents. 

Besides the conventional classification of flow shown in Fig. 14.3, there arc also other possibilities, sec, e.g., Leung, Independent of the method of classification, the essential point is that there is no general method and there are no general simple parameters that reliably predict the behavior of the flow in a new application. For each case the type ot flow has to be examined experimentally. 

Reinartz, S. (1989). Activities, Goals and Strategies Team Behavior during Simulated Nuclear Power Plant Incidents. In Conference Proceedings, Human Reliability in Nuclear Potver. London International Business Commurucations. 

Another widely used approach to the elucidation of metabolic sequences is to feed cells a substrate or metabolic intermediate labeled with a particular isotopic form of an element that can be traced. Two sorts of isotopes are useful in this regard radioactive isotopes, such as and stable heavy isotopes, such as or (Table 18.3). Because the chemical behavior of isotopically labeled compounds is rarely distinguishable from that of their unlabeled counterparts, isotopes provide reliable tags for observing metabolic changes. The metabolic fate of a radioactively labeled substance can be traced by determining the presence and position of the radioactive atoms in intermediates derived from the labeled compound (Figure 18.13). 

Lunazzi et al. [84JCS(P2)1025] reported the first reliable data on the behavior of 1,2,3-triazole 20 in solution (Scheme 21). Using NMR at 300 MHz and lowering the temperature to -98°C they determined not only the equilibrium constant but all the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters = 0.55 kcal mol (CD2CI2) and 1.60 kcal moU (toluene-ds),... 

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