Averaged frequency

The detection of residual austenite in fact requires average frequency, however for comparison reasons (reference) with a different recognized method, it is recommended to use high frequency, as with high frequency of eddy currents the penetration depth is comparable in the diffraction method and eddy current method. 

Impact Echo -result showing waveform (top), single wave spectrum with peak echoes (middle) and average frequency spectrum for a series of tests at the same point. 

Consequently, consider an infinite one-dimensional line or rod along which fractures occur randomly with an average frequency of Nq per unit length as illustrated in Fig. 8.19. Randomly distributed points on an infinite line obey Poisson statistics and the probability of finding n fractures in a length, /, is given by... 

Although from a mathematical point of view formulae (3.34) and (3.40) have little in common, the spectral transformation described by them proceeds in a similar way (Fig. 3.2). Just as with strong collisions, the contour is gradually symmetrized and its centre is shifted to the average frequency coq with an increase in the density. When the spectrum is narrowed (at T 1), its central part ( Aco] < 1/tj) takes the following form ... 

Deuteration. The average frequency, the width, and the intensity of the band are lowered upon isotopic substitution of the proton by a deuterium. 

Frequency dependence on the temperature. The average frequency shifts with a change in the temperature The average wavenumber of the adipic acid crystals increases by 30 cm-1 from 0 to 300 K [2]. Greater shifts have been observed such as 70 cm-1 for CH3OH, or 52 cm-1 for CH3OD, between 170 K and 280 K [3,4],... 

We may finally conclude that, with the purpose of comparison with experiments, one has to be careful and must remember the following (i) Two sub-bands of the same intensity may not be the consequence of a resonant situation 0, (ii) The frequency of each submaxima is governed by the three parameters co0, o>0. and A, and (iii) The frequency of the Evans hole, which appears between the two sub-bands, is given within the exchange approximation by the average frequency j ( 0 + 2o>0), but it is dependent on A within the full treatment of Fermi resonances. 

Consider reorientations of a diatomic surface group BC (see Fig. A2.1) connected to the substrate thermostat. By a reorientation is meant a transition of the atom C from one to another well of the azimuthal potential U(qi) (see Fig. 4.4)). The terminology used implies a classical (or at least quasi-classical) description of azimuthal motion allowing the localization of the atom C in a certain well. A classical particle, with the energy lower than the reorientation barrier Awhich does not interact with the thermostat cannot leave the potential well where it was located initially. The only pathway to reorientations is provided by energy fluctuations of a particle which arise from its contact with the thermostat. Let us estimate the average frequency of reorientations in the framework of this classical approach. 

The average frequency of dangerous episodes Ad is the number of dangerous coincidences divided by the time period ... 

The mean time between coincidences (MTBC) is the reciprocal of the average frequency of dangerous coincidences ... 

There is a small complication in that the frequency to is different for the reduced and oxidized states so that one has to take an average frequency. Marcus has suggested taking u>av = 2woxu>red/(wox + a>reci)-When several inner-sphere modes are reorganized, one simply sums over the various contributions. The matter becomes complicated if the complex is severely distorted during the reaction, and the two states have different normal coordinates. While the theory can be suitably modified to account for this case, the mathematics are cumbersome. 

Tissue (Reference ) Stimulus Average frequency A. verage wave velocity Inhibited by... 

Table 1 Average frequency of fatalities per 100.000 workers in the United Kingdom...

The averaged frequency domain waveforms have less noise when compared to the time domain waveforms. 

F ure 6.16 A typical absorption spectrum of a trivalent rare earth ion (not corresponding to any specific ion) in a crystal. A generic / —> / absorption transition, with an average frequency of mo, has been marked and shaded (see the text). 

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