Reference materials organic analysis

See also Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Flame. Atomic Emission Spectrometry Inductively Coupled Plasma. Quality Assurance Reference Materials. Water Analysis Seawater - Dissolved Organic Carbon. 

See also Quality Assurance Reference Materials Production of Reference Materials. Water Analysis Ovenriew Seawater - Organic Compounds Organic Compounds. 

Major industrial areas as the cement, ferro, non-ferro, petrochemical, textile or food industry, dispose of numerous Certified Reference Materials (organic and inorganic). For example, only the ferro-industry has already more than 300 CRMs and RMs listed in COMAR, the international database (jointly operated by LNE, BAM and NPL) which lists more than 10285 RMs (as of June 1998) of more than 400 producers [42]. Notwithstanding the size of the polymer industry (total production capacity for commodity thermoplastics is equal to over 140 Mt/a, of which about 50% of polyolefinic nature) it is surprising to note the scarcity of suitable polymer reference materials for elemental and molecular analysis. CRMs made from a polymer material and designed for molecular analysis are lacking totally, while those for elemental analysis are rare. In fact, until quite recently, for elemental analysis of polymers, only one set of four CRMs did exist, namely... 

Throughout this book the use of a number of standard analytical samples is recommended in order that practical experience may be gained on substances of known composition. In addition, standard reference materials of environmental samples for trace analysis are used for calibration standards, and pure organic compounds are employed as standard materials for elemental analysis. 

Schantz mm, Benner BA Jr, Chesler SN, Koster BJ, Hbhn KE, Stone SF, Kelly WR, Zeisler R, Wise SA (1990) Preparation and analysis of a marine sediment reference material for the determination of trace organic constituents. Fresenius J Anal Chem 338 501-514. 

Jacob J, Belliardo JJ, Karcher W, Lindsey AS, and Wagstafee PJ (1994) Reference materials for the analysis of organic compounds of environmental and occupational concern. Separation and Purification Methods 23 17-49. 

Wise SA (1993) Standard reference materials for the determination of trace organic constituents in environmental samples. In Barcelo D, ed. Environmental Analysis Techniques, Applications and Quality Assurance, pp 403-446. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Wise SA, and Schantz MM (1997) Standard reference materials for the determination of trace organic contaminants in environmental samples. In Clement R and Siu M, eds. Reference Materials for Environmental Analysis Making and Using Them, pp 143-186. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL. 

There have been a number of attempts to achieve this objective, but so far the challenge has not been fully met. This Chapter will examine some of the conventional approaches and then go on to consider how recent developments in the use of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with DNA for the identification of species and individual organisms by DNA analysis, sometimes known as DNA Fingerprinting", have identified a yet unrealized need for a new dimension of certified reference materials. 

Committee members were chosen for their wide variety of scientific expertise and experience in production and certification of reference materials. In addition, members with proficiency in the use of reference materials for the analysis of trace metals, radioisotopes, nutrients, carbon, and organic matter were represented. The committee met on four sepa-... 

Seawater reference materials are recommended for nutrients and for trace metals (especially iron). There is an urgent need for a certified reference material for nutrients. Completed global surveys already suffer from the lack of previously available standards, and the success of future surveys as well as the development of instruments capable of remote time-series measurements will rest on the availability and use of good nutrient reference materials. The reference materials for trace metals— though initially characterized only for the important micronutrient, iron— should ultimately be useful for the analysis of the other metals and some dissolved organic materials. The committee also recommends the devel-... 

The collection of a reference material for trace metals could complement collection of samples for other priority analytes including DOM and DOC. Seawater used for DOM analysis can also be collected in Teflon , for example. Although samples for DOM are not normally stored in plastic bottles (as the iron reference material would be), releases of plasticizers are minimal and are not expected to interfere with the detection of individual organic compounds such as amino acids and sugars. 

A selected list of reference materials (sediments as well as biological tissues) distributed by several Canadian, U.S., and E.U. sources shows a wide range of solid samples that could be used for comparative analysis of major organic elements (Table 4.2). These materials are widely available and have been analyzed for at least some constituents. In addition, these materials are homogeneous and can be expected to exhibit stable compositions over time. All of the thirty or so listed reference materials,... 

A significant proportion of the needs for reference materials for seawater trace metal studies would be addressed by the preparation of these materials. Although the total iron concentration of these reference materials should be provided, these materials clearly will be useful for studies of other important metals such as zinc, manganese, copper, molybdenum, cobalt, vanadium, lead, aluminum, cadmium, and the rare earth elements. With careful planning, such water samples should be useful for analysis of dissolved organic substances as well. The collection sites should be chosen carefully to provide both a high and a low concentration reference material for as many metals as possible. 

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