Recycled rubber blend

Ismail, H. and Suryadiansyah, S., Thermoplastic elastomers based on polypropylene/natural rubber and polypropylene/recycle rubber blends. Polymer Test., 21, 389, 2002. 

Many grades of recycled rubber produced from grinding and heating of vulcanized rubber products such as tyres, baby bottle nipples and other goods are also available. Although reclaimed rubber offers some processing advantages, its use has declined in recent years because of the extensive use of blended polymers. 

Mangaraj, D. Rubber Recycling by Blending with Plastics. Chapter 7, Rubber Recycling (ed. S.K. De), CRC Press, West Palm Beach, FL, 2005. 

Mangaraj, D. Role of Compatibilization in Rubber Recycling by Blending with Plastics, presented at 166th American Chemical Society Rubber Division Meeting. Columbus, OH, 2005, Paper No. 27. 

Michael, H., Scholz, H., and Mennig, G., Blends from recycled rubber and thermoplastics, Kautsch. Gummi Kunst., 52, 510, 1999. 

The degradative radiation-recycling of PTFE led to a successful pilot-scale plant producing 12 tons/year recycled powder at Sumitomo, Japan [9], For similar polymerdegrading industrial developments several other candidates are very promising. Among other synthetic polymer products, discarded automobile tires represent a major environmental concern, in an amount close to 10 Mtons/a. A promising method is mentioned in the literature [9] in which the vulcanized rubber product is crushed at low temperature, irradiated at a dose rate of 100 kGy, and milled repeatedly, if necessary. The reclaimed de-crosslinked material can be added to an extent 10 - 15% to various new rubber blends. 

Mangaraj D. 2004. Role of compatibilization in recycling rubber waste by blending with plastics. 166th Rubber Division Meet, (Fall 2004) Columbus paper 27, 16. Rubber Chem. Technol. 2005. 78(3) 536 7. 

ZRI06] Zribi K., Feller J.F., Elleuch K., et al., Conductive polymer composites obtained from recycled poly(carbonate) and rubber blends for heating and sensing applications , Po/g ie s for Advanced Technologies, vol. 17, pp. 727-731,2006. 

Polypropylene (PP) in various forms (filled, unfilled, reinforced, rubber blended) finds the greatest usage of all automotive plastics. Its consumption is likely to accelerate as a result of new laws requiring recyclability, and because of the weight and cost reductions it offers. New fabrication techniques may also contribute to growth. For example, the monomaterial sandwich construction techniques developed by fabricators yield rugged and lightweight PP-based instrument and door panels. These parts consist of a sandwich of reinforced or neat PP substrate, a cross-linked PP foam, and a thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer (TPO) cover. 

A number of methods [11,13-17] have been applied in an attempt to solve the problem and to find more effective ways of tire rubber recycling and waste rubber utilization. These methods include retreading, reclaiming, grinding, pulverization, microwave and ultrasonic processes, pyrolysis, and incineration. Processes for utilization of recycled rubber are also being developed, including the use of reclaimed rubber to manufacture rubber products and thermoplastic-rubber blends and the use of GRT to modify asphalt and cement. 

The trend of using less toxic, biodegradable, recycled, or originating from nature compounds has been also observed in the case of rubber blend products. 

N.Z. Noriman, H. Ismail, The effects of electron beam irradiation on the thermal properties, fatigue life and natural weathering of st5trene butadiene rubber/recycled acryloni-hile-butadiene rubber blends. Materials Design, ISSN 0261-3069 32 (6) (June 2011) 3336-3346. http //dx.doi.Org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.02.020. 

Kuriakose et al. mentioned that the reduction of the molecular weight of NR by mastigation" improved the processability of NR/PP thermoplastic blends. It was also observed that quinoline imparts better ageing resistance than imidazole when used as antioxidants in the blend. Another study observed that the highest thermal stability is attained with the addition of ethylene-propylene diene rubber to the NR/PP blend." TPEs can also be developed from recycled rubber (PP/RR) and Ismail and Suryadiasnsyah observed that its thermal stability was higher than that of PP/NR." " ... 

PE/PP Recycled tire rubber Thermoplastic vulcanizate described (Syman-T NRI Industries) based on recycled tire rubber blend with PE/PP mixtures 169... 

---