Recrystallization, temperature

Tungsten has Htde effect on recrystallization temperature or the high temperature properties of molybdenum. However, the Mo—30% W alloy is recognized as a standard commercial alloy for stirrers, pipes, and other equipment that is required to be in contact with molten zinc during processing of the metal and in galvanizing and die casting operations. 

Upon reheating cold-worked steel to the recrystallization temperature (- 450° C) or above, depending on composition, extent of cold working, and other variables, the original microstmcture and properties may be substantially restored. 

Additions of cadmium (0.05—1.3%) to copper raise the recrystallization temperature and improve the mechanical properties, especially in cold-worked conditions, with relatively Htde reduction in conductivity. Copper containing 0.07% cadmium is used in automotive cooling fins, heavy-duty radiators, motor commutators, and electric terminals. 

Effect of Thermal History. Many of the impurities present in commercial copper are in concentrations above the soHd solubihty at low (eg, 300°C) temperatures. Other impurities oxidize in oxygen-bearing copper to form stable oxides at lower temperatures. Hence, because the recrystallization kinetics are influenced primarily by solute atoms in the crystal lattice, the recrystallization temperature is extremely dependent on the thermal treatment prior to cold deformation. 

A satisfactory solder must not corrode or tarnish in the mouth fluids, ie, it must be sufficiently noble in composition, and its composition must be such that its solution potential approximates that of the metal upon which it is used. A solder s fusion temperature must be lower (by at least 100°C) than that of the alloy upon which it is employed so that the alloy is not fused during soldering. In the case of wires, the solder s melting temperature must be less than the recrystallization temperature of the metal. 

During solvent removal or recrystallization, temperatures should be kept below 50 to avoid degradation of product quality. 

Setting speed is primarily dependent on the choice of wax and its compatibility in the system. Waxes with a higher (recrystallization temperature) and with marginal compatibility in the system will set quicker. 

DSC has also been used to evaluate interactions with incorporated drngs. These interactions can be reflected in changes of the melting and recrystallization temperatures or in differences in melting enthalpy [52,68,81]. Direct evidence of the... 

Lead Alloys. A tellurium—lead alloy containing 0.02—0.1% tellurium, with or without antimony, was introduced in 1934 (81) as tellurium lead or Teledium. This alloy has higher recrystallization temperatures and corrosion resistance and takes a significandy longer time to soften at 25°C after cold work. 

Ultrasonic Thermometers. These are usually designed to respond to the temperature dependence of sound speed. In special cases where only one particular temperature is of interest, such as the temperature of a phase change, or the recrystallization temperature of a substance, the temperature dependence of attenuation may be utilized, Ultrasonic thermometers have found applications in the range —80 to +250 C, where the so-called quartz thermometer offers resolution of 0,1 millidegree and linear superiority to platinum resistance thermometers. 

In general, metals can be worked extensively, either at room temperature or at high temperatures. This is so mainly because of the availability of a large of number slip systems for plastic deformation. This allows us to use metal drawing techniques to obtain filamentary metals. Metallic fibers are, generally, not spun from a molten state, although this can be done in some cases (see Section 5.2). When metals are cold worked (i.e. below the recrystallization temperature), they... 

A closely related technique to the SPD techniques, and which is sometimes included with them, is cold rolling. Here, the metal is deformed by passing it through rollers at a temperature below its recrystallization temperature. Here, contrary to the other SPD techniques, the cross-section of the material changes after rolling and the grain boundaries have a low angle misorientation [251]. However, for our purpose, all these techniques will be treated as SPD. 

Mechanical working of a metal is plastic deformation performed to change dimensions, properties, and/or surface conditions. Plastic deformation below the rectys-tallization temperature is called cold working. Plastic deformation above the recrystallization temperature, but below the melting or burning point, is called hot working. 

Cold working—Deforming metal plastically at a temperature lower than the recrystallization temperature. 

Process Digestion temperature [°C] Recrystallization temperature f Cl Acid concentration % P205) P205-yield %1 usability of CaS04 in building industry... 

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