Reconfigurable hardware

AZAMBUJA, J. PAGLIARINI, S. ALTIERI, M. KASTENSMIDT, F HUBNER, M. BECKER, J. FOUCARD, G. VELAZCO, R. A Fault Tolerant Approach to Detect Transient Faults in Microprocessors Based on a Non-Intrusive Reconfigurable Hardware. IEEE Transactims On Nuclear Science, Los Aamitos, USA IEEE Computer Society, 2012, v. 59, n. 4, pp. 1117 1124. 

Leeser, M., Miller, S., Yu, H. (2004, April). Smart camcaa based on reconfigurable hardware enables diverse real-time applications. In 12th Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines, 2004. FCCM 2004 (pp. 147—155). 

Compared to reconfigurable software, reconfigurable hardware has greater potential in terms... 

Fast Internal Communication They are fast enough to handle all data received by the sensors through the reconfigurable hardware devices. 

Figure 2 illustrates the platform of the prototype mobile robot with the main elements. The idea is to use an open architecture system, reconfigurable, as described above. In this sense, the proposed implementation of the hardware has as the main processing device the microprocessor TMS320C6416 DSP from Texas Instruments as previously described. The use of reconfigurable hardware devices such as PLDs and FPGAs has described his reasons for choosing them in previous sections. 

Luiza de Macedo Mourelle is an Associate Professor in the Department of System Engineering and Computation at the Faculty of Engineering, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Her research interests include computer architecture, embedded systems design, hardware/software codesign, and reconfigurable hardware. Mourelle received her PhD in Computation from the University of Manchester... 

Testing schemes generally affect complete subsystems hence, consideration of each hardware element is unnecessary. Tests of redundant portions of a system are particularly important, and may be constrained by the technical specifications which must be reflected in the fault tree. Testing may require the reconfiguration of systems for the test, which may prevent the performance of their designed function. In this case, other members of the redundancy must be available, but may fail. Failure to restore a system after test significantly increases the risk. 

Business Continuity Planning (Disaster Recovery) A disaster recovery plan should be in place to ensure the continued operation of the laboratory in case of an adverse event that renders the instrument out of commission and hence causes interruption to the business processes which the system supports. Adverse events like the failure of the critical hardware components of the instrument and the failure of the application software do happen in the day-to-day operation of a laboratory. The disaster recovery plan should provide the necessary steps to restore the systems back to a functional state. The steps typically include instructions to reinstall the application software to the personal computer controlling the instrument, to reconfigure the instrument, and to restore the backup data to the instrument. 

Figure 6.4. Detailed diagram of hardware configuration for post-column addition of SPR. (1 = Conductivity detector Waters 431 detector, four electrode cell design 2 = waste line 4 x 0.009 in. stainless connected to 431 + 24 X 1/16 X 0.060 in PTFE tubing 3 = tee to 431 15 x 1/16 x 0.010 in PTFE to 431 inlet 4 = column to lee shortest 1/16 x 0.010 in PTFE from column to tee 5 = tee Unmount tee from check valve block for shortest path length 6 = analytical colunm Waters 1C PAK A or 1C PAK A HR 7 = check valve to tee 2 x 1/8 in o.d. PTFE 8 = check valve 9 = polisher column to check valve 3 x 1/8 in o.d. PTFE 10 = polisher column 8 x 25 mm containing AGI x 8, 200 mesh 11 = reservoir to polisher column 12 x 1/8 in. o.d. PTFE 12 = air supply minimum of 90 p.s.i. compressed air supply 13 = reservoir for SPR reconfigure with outlet on left side. From Ret [9] with permission.)...

In this context, reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMS) were introduced in the mid-1990s as a cost-effective reaction to market demands for responsiveness and customization (Koren et al. 1999). A RMS is designed for rapid change in structure, as well as in hardware and software components, in order to quickly adjust production capacity and functionality within a part family in response to sudden changes in market. 

The innovation of this approach relies on the use reconfigurability and software-based techniques to use different application-specific non-intrasive hardware mod-... 

Second, ABS may offer an improved control paradigm that can be implemented at the hardware level. With centralized control, infrastructure systems are vulnerable to the weakest link distribnted control can hmit, localize, and allocate risk. Some models have been proposed whereby infrastructure system agents conld antomatically reconfigure a system to heal failures (Amin, 2000). Distribnted control also enables distribnted power generation, as well as the control of mnltiple infrastructure systems. 

Control Hardware Control valves and sensors have improved. Most processes use DCS (distributed control systems), which make data acquisition, loop reconfiguration and on-line calculations much easier. 

ABSTRACT Paper presents a numerical method for determining changes of availability of web applications implemented in virtual environment. It takes into account the reliability and performance aspects of software and hardware elements of the web system. The revenue process model takes into account working hours of administrators and a time of repair (or reconfiguration) for each type of failures. The described method was a basis for the development of a Monte-Carlo simulator that allows calculating variability of web application availability over a week. The paper contains the numerical results for a test case web application implemented in virtualised environment. 

The paper addresses some issues connected with relocating services as a reaction to hardware failures and security incidents, so called reconfiguration. This is a well-documented concept and a review of which is given in (Lent 2012). The analysis of the system availability under reconfiguration could be found in (Walkowiak Caban 2014). 

Whenever a fault manifests itself in a web system, whether it is a hardware failure, a software error or a security attack, an administrator is faced with a difficult problem to maintain the continuity of business services. Isolation of the affected hardware and software is usually the first reaction (to prevent propagation of the problem to yet unaffected parts of the system). It then follows that the most important components of the application have to be moved from the affected hosts/servers to those that are still operational. This process of reconfiguration is easily achieved nowadays in virtualization environment. 

Vulnerabilities can be located at network, hardware and software level. Hardware vulnerabilities are especially a challenge for security engineering if parts of the embedded systems are employed in a potentially not trustworthy environment. In addition, hardware could generally be equipped with additional malicious components [17]. Reconfigurable means a microcontroller is reprogrammable. This could be because one step in the commissioning process has not been executed. With not tamper proof hardware, an attacker could access hardware components and execute direct attacks on the hardware. 

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