Recombination population genetics

The differential equations of population genetics are commonly derived for sexually replicating species and thus deal primarily with recombination as the dominant source... 

Attfield PV, BeU PJ. (2006). Use of population genetics to driven on recombinant Saccha-romyces cerevisiae strains that grow using xylose as a sole carbon source. FEMS Yeast Res, 6, 862-868. 

Using population genetic tools, it is possible to get information about the forces that have actually had an impact on the present genetic variation, i.e. mutatiorr, recombination, migration, genetic drift and selection, and the way these forces have shaped the genetic variation (see Hartl and Clark, 1997, for a complete view, and Wakeley, 2005, for a critical commentary). Among the many tools... 

Figure 11.11 shows examples of the three basic genetic operations of reproduction, crossover and mutation, as applied to a population of 8-bit chromosomes. Reproduction makes a set of identical copies of a given chromosome, where the number of copies depends on the chromosome s fitness (see below). The crossover operator exchanges subparts of two chromosomes, where the position of the crossover is randomly selected, and is thus a crude facsimile of biological sexual recombination between two single-chromosome organisms. The mutation operator randomly flips one or more bits in the chromosome, where the bit positions are randomly chosen. 

Evolutionary computation which is learned by watching population dynamics the most important programming are genetic algorithms which are inspired by the evolutionary processes of mutation, recombination, and natural selection in biology. 

Zavattari P, Deidda E, Whalen M et al. Major factors influencing linkage disequilibrium by analysis of different chromosome regions in distinct populations demography, chromosome recombination frequency and selection. Hum Mol Genet 2000 9 2947-2957. 

Individuals who display a deficiency of factor IX develop haemophilia B, also known as Christmas disease. Although its clinical consequences are very similar to that of a deficiency of factor VIII, its general incidence in the population is far lower. Persons suffering from haemophilia B are treated by i.v. administration of a concentrate of factor IX. This was traditionally obtained by fractionation of human blood. Recombinant factor IX is now also produced in genetically engineered CHO cells (Table 12.2 and Box 12.1). 

Recombinant DNase preparations have been used in the treatment of cystic fibrosis since the end of 1993. This genetic disorder is common, particularly in ethnic groups of northern European extraction, where the frequency of occurrence can be as high as 1 in 2500 live births. A higher than average incidence has also been recorded in southern Europe, as well as in some Jewish and African-American populations. 

Welsh W, Bushuk W, Roca W, Singh SP (1995) Characterization of agronomic traits and markers of recombinant inbred lines from intra- and interracial populations of Phaseolus vulgaris L. Theor Appl Genet 91 169-177... 

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