Recognition function

The beta 2 family has receptors on leukocytes (also called LeuCAM) and mediates inflammatory and immune recognition functions. 

Another hypothesis was provided by Mikio Shimitso (1982) on the basis of studies of steric effects in molecular models. It had been noted years previously that the fourth nucleotide at the 3 end of the tRNA molecules (referred to as the discrimination base) might have a recognition function. In the case of certain amino acids (i.e., their tRNA-amino acid complexes) this base pair, in combination with the anticodon of the tRNA molecule, can select the amino acid corresponding to the tRNA species in question this is done on the basis of the stereochemical properties of the molecule. Since the anticodon of a tRNA molecule and the fourth nucleotide of the acceptor stem are far apart in space, two tRNA molecules must complex in a head-to-tail manner. The pocket thus formed can then fit specifically to the corresponding amino acid. 

The future will undoubtedly show considerable activity in the field of (metal-lo)dendrimers, not only because of the beauty of the structures and the synthetic challenge their preparation involves, but also because of their usefulness in fundamental applications and applied science. Finally, while we are learning to design, synthesize and apply these multimetallic catalytic objects (either soluble or insoluble), other challenges may include preparation of multifunctional catalytic prototypes by including, e.g. a substrate recognition function next to the catalytically active site. 

R. Schauer The anti-recognition function of sialic acids studies with erythrocytes and macrophages... 

Three general methodologies for photoregulating such activities of biomaterials as catalytic, binding, or recognition functions have been suggested (Scheme 2). One method involves the tethering of photoisomerizable units to a protein (Scheme 2(A)). In one photoisomer state, state A, the tertiary structure of the protein is... 

Where do receptors with useful properties for sensor construction come from The answer depends on your definition of the word useful. If useful requires only selectivity, then nature provides both a wealth of biotic receptors (enzymes and other proteins) and powerful tools for discovering unnamral macromolecular receptors. For the purposes of this chapter, a sensor that utilizes a polypeptide, polysaccharide, or polynucleotide as the recognition element is referred to as a biosensor. By contrast, any sensor utilizing a different (usually synthetic) recognition element is referred to as a chemosensor. For the purposes of this article, these terms will apply to any device, molecule-sized or larger, that utilizes such compounds for its molecular recognition function. 

Particularly interesting pseudorotaxane species can be constructed by using components which incorporate different recognition functions, such as a thread (23 ) containing ammonium and bipyridinium functions (Figure 9a) [12], or species... 

Figure 1. Tvw) approaches in the metal-oxide-based gas sensor development (on the left) the recognition functionality is based on an individual nanoelement and (on the right) the metal-oxide-based gas sensor takes advantage of the unique properties of nanomaterials but is not nanoscale in dimensions.

Figure 5.34 Some suicide inactivators generating alkylating species without recognition functionality.

For estimation of the performance of an algorithm or a recognition function we will use several quality measures [42, 46, 47]. True positives (TP) is the number of correctly predicted and false positives (Fp) is the number of falsely predicted authentic sites. True negatives (Tn) is the number of correctly predicted and false negative (FN) is the number of falsely predicted non-sites. Sensitivity (S ) measures the fraction of the true examples that are correctly predicted Sn = Tp/TP + FN. Specificity (Sp) measures the fraction of the predicted examples that are correct Sp = Tp/Tp + Fp. Only consideration of both Sn and Sp values makes sense when we aim at providing accuracy information. If we want to concentrate on a single value for accuracy estimation the average of the correctly predicted number of sites and non-sites AC = 0.5 (TP + TN) is a suitable measure. However, this... 

The recognition quality of the program was tested on 200 promoters, which were not included in the learning set. We provide the accuracy values for different levels of correctly predicted promoters in Table 3.8. The data demonstrate a poor quality of TATA— promoter recognition on long sequences and show that their recognition function can provide relatively... 

For internal intron prediction we consider all open reading frames in a given sequence that flanked the AG (on the left) and GT (on the right) base pairs as potential internal exons. The structure of such exons is presented in Figure 3.9. The components of the recognition function for internal exon... 

Different functional regions of the first (a), internal (b), last (c) and single exons corresponding to components of recognition functions. 

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