Promoter recognition

The consensus sequence for an E. coli promoter has two conserved regions near positions -35 and -10 relative to the transcription start site. That is, the template-directed synthesis of RNA begins 35 

A couple of important points exist about the consensus. First, not all bases in the consensus are conserved to the same amount. The bases marked with bold type and underlined are more conserved than the others, and the -10 region is more conserved overall than is the -35 region. Secondly, the promoter sequence is asymmetrical that is, it reads differently in one direction than in the other. (Compare this to the recognition sequence for the restriction enzyme BamHI, GGATCC.) This asymmetry means that RNA polymerase gets directional information from the promoter in addition to information about the starting point for transcription. 

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Busby S, Ebright RH Promoter structure, promoter recognition, and transcription activation in prokaryotes. Cell 1994 79 ... 

TAFs 12 15-250 promoter recognition, regulation, chromatin modification... 

Fibronectin (Fn) is ubiquitous throughout the body and serves a number of functions, including coating bacterial and foreign particles with apoprotein which promotes recognition and destruction by circulating cells of the immune system. 

When isolated from bacteria, prokaryotic RNA polymerase has two forms The core enzyme and the holoenzyme. The core enzyme is a tetramer whose composition is given as 0C2PP (two alpha subunits, one beta subunit, and one beta-prime subunit). Core RNA polymerase is capable of faithfully copying DNA into RNA but does not initiate at the correct site in a gene. That is, it does not recognize the promoter specifically. Correct promoter recognition is the function of the holoenzyme form of RNA polymerase. 

The cr subunit is involved directly in promoter recognition. The complex lacking the polymerase core enzyme. To start transcription, the cr subunit directs the holoenzyme to a promoter site to form a binary complex in which there is a limited unwinding of the DNA duplex to generate an open promoter complex. This is the first step in the overall transcription cycle and is called template binding. 

J.W. Fickett and A.G. Hatzigeorgiou. 1997. Eukaryotic promoter recognition Genome Res. 7 861-878. (PubMed)... 

Promoter recognition by a specific pollutant followed by gene expression, enzyme synthesis and catalytic activity. 

In retrospect, the catalytic reaction following eq. (1) has promoted recognition of organometallic homogeneous catalysis in the bulk-chemicals industry both hydroformylation (Section 2.1.1) and the Wacker ethylene oxidation are key steps in industrial homogeneous catalysis. 

The recognition quality of the program was tested on 200 promoters, which were not included in the learning set. We provide the accuracy values for different levels of correctly predicted promoters in Table 3.8. The data demonstrate a poor quality of TATA— promoter recognition on long sequences and show that their recognition function can provide relatively... 

Fickett J., Hatzigeorggiou A. (1997) Eukaryotic promoter recognition. Genome Research, 7, 861-878. 

Ohler U., Harbeck S., Niemann H., Noth E., Reese M. (1999) Interpolated markov chains for eukaryotic promoter recognition. Bioinformatics, 15, 362-369. 

Several of the general promoter prediction programs followed the basic design of Prestridge who used the Eukaryotic Promoter Database (EPD) by Bucher [51] to train his software for promoter recognition. His program PromoterScan was the first published method to tackle this problem [52]. 

Kondrakhin, Y. V., Kel, A. E., Kolchanov, N. A., Romashchenko, A. G., Miianesi, L. (1995) Eukaryotic promoter recognition by binding sites for transcription factors. Comp Appl Biosci 11, 477-488. 

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