Reclaimed Oils

Oil-free alkyds Oil from seeds Oil-in-water emulsion Oil laundering Oil length Oil mining Oil of anise Oil of bergamot Oil of eucalyptus Oil oflemon Oil of Olay Oil of Palma Christi Oil of turpentine Oil Orange Oil-pump Oil reclaiming Oil recovery... 

Solvenol monocyclic terpenes processing aid nonstaining reclaim oil and solvent swells and penetrates mbber dissolves and disperses heavy oils... 

Reclaiming Oil from Waste Plastic (Hitachi Zosen Corp.)... 

Conversion performance of reclaimed oil and hydrocarbon gases reaches 70% or higher. Two kinds of carbon residues are formed in the dehydrochlorination and thermal cracking processes. They can also used as solid fuel for industries. Their compositions are shown in Table 26.20. 

The reclaimed oil can be utilized for various applications. In addition, the oil can be fed into refinery plants as a global recycle system. 

Lubricating oils represent only about 2-3% of the volume of crude oil processed. They are a high value component, however. Since about half of the automotive oil sold is potentially recyclable there is a substantial potential for resource conservation and environmental benefit compared to irresponsible disposal. With promotion, this philosophy appears to be gaining acceptance. In Canada in 1974 only about 10% of the potentially reclaimable oil was being recycled, and by 2003 this figure had risen to about 65% [41]. 

Natural and butyl rubber from inner tubes and other applications, which are fiber-free may be reclaimed by the addition of reclaiming oils and other additives and then subjecting the mix to temperatures of 175-205°C and high shear in a Reclaimator. These conditions are sufficiently severe to break the relatively weak bonds of the disulfide cross-links in the feed, effectively devulcanizing the rubber in a period of 1-3 min under these conditions. 

The reclaimator process is more attractive than the above processes. The reclaimator is essentially a high-pressure extruder that devulcanizes fiber-free rubber continuously. Ground scrap is mechanically treated in hammer mills to remove the textile material, mixed with reclaiming oils and other materials, and then fed into the reclaimator. High pressure and shear between the rubber mixture and the extruder barrel walls effectively reclaim the rubber mixture. Devulcanization occurs at 175-205°C in a few minutes and turns the rubber into reclaim that issues from the machine continuously. The whole regeneration, which is a dry process, may be completed in about 30 min. 

The reclaiming oils and chemicals are complex wood and petroleum derivatives that swell the rubber and provide access for breaking the rubber bonds with heat, pressure, chemicals, and mechanical shearing. Approximately 2—4 parts of oil are used per 100 parts of scrap rubber. Some examples of reclaiming oils include monocyclic and mixed terpenes, i.e., pine-tar products, saturated polymerized petroleum hydrocarbons, aryl disulfides in petroleum oil, cycloparafinic hydrocarbons, and alkyl aryl polyether alcohols. 

A mechanical or reclaimator process (LaGrone, 1986 Szilard, 1973 Klingensmith, 1991 Leyden 1991) has been used for the continuous reclaiming of whole tire scrap. Fine mbber crumb (typically 30 mesh) mixed with various reclaiming oils is subjected to high temperature with intense mechanical working in a modified extmder for reclaiming the mbber scrap. 

Comparison of the oxidation stability of virgin oils, reclaimed oils, and S3mthetic lubrication oils. 

Table 4-173 Viscosity and Molecular Weight of Virgin Oils and Reclaimed Oils.

Table 4-175 Thermogravimetry of Virgin Oils and Reclaimed Oils in Argon. /3 = 10 K/min Argon 25 cm /min...

The oxidation behavior was further investigated by DSC in air (7 bar pressure, 5 cmV min flow rate, heating rate j8= 10 K/min). The evaluations were carried out as described in chapter 4.7.2. The petroleum based oils supplied diagrams shown schematically in fig. 4-129. No significant differences were observed between virgin and reclaimed oils. In the diagrams of the synthetic lubricants, the first peak appears more slender and higher, the... 

The values for the virgin and the reclaimed oils of both specifications SAE lOW and SAE 30 exhibit only small tolerances, so that they may be combined. The denomination A in Table 4-182 includes all four virgin oils, the denomination B all four reclaimed oils. 

For each of the samples the oxidation start temperature increases on additive treatment. A statistical difference exists only for the Tg of the reclaimed oils containing 5 wt% and 11.1 wt% additive. demonstrates differences for the reclaimed oils, TMP, and DIT-DA. 

The additive treatment of the petroleum based oils effects a decrease of Neither virgin oils nor reclaimed oils demonstrate any differences neither with nor without additive. For PAO the values are equal for the samples without additive and with 5 wt% additive. A significant difference exists between the values of 5 wt% additive treatment and those of 11 wt%. For TMP and DITDA, 5 wt% of additive is sufficient to cause T to rise considerably, whereas difference exists between the values of 5 wt% and 11.1 wt% additive treatment. 

Generally the values of FVjjq decrease as a consequence of increasing additive concentration. With TMP the additive treatment has such a pronounced effect that no partiai area appears, neither with 5 wt% nor with 11.1 wt% additive. On the contrary the reclaimed oils do not demonstrate any effect with an additive concentration of 5 wt %. Indeed the area ratios of the reclaimed oils are considerably smaller than those of the virgin oils. Whether this is a consequence of the presence of residual amounts of additives in the reclaimed oils or a consequence of the lack of easily oxidable components, which are stiU present in the virgin oils, cannot be decided. 

Various liquid fuels superior kerosene oil (SKO), kerosene, high speed diesel, naphtha, LDO, furnace oil, reclaimed oil (should meet statutory regulation). 

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) have been analysed for many years in various mediums such as water, sediments, soils and biological mediums. More recently, oil has been added to this list with the implementation of regulations on transformer and reclaimed oils. However, the methods used to analyse PCBs in these oils is not the same as for other mediums since the similarity between the properties of PCBs and the oils could interfere with analysis results. 

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