Recycling potential

Aluminium alloy offers saving of up to 40% in total car weight. The increased unit cost is offset by the lower running cost of the lighter vehicle, and the greater recycling potential of the aluminium. ... 

The primary UPR end markets are construction, automotive, and marine industries widi applications such as house paneling, tub and shower applications, chemical-resistant storage tanks, pultruded profiles, and fiberglass composite boat hulls. The UPR industry is mature, with a world production close to 1.7 million tons (Table 2.2), but must face two important issues increasingly strict regulations for styrene emissions and poor recycling potential for polyester thermosets.48 49... 

Identify alternative products or modified products that minimize environmental impact through enhanced recycling potential or biodegradability... 

Buchert M, Schuler D, Bleher D (2009) Critical metals for future sustainable technologies and their recycling potential (Ed. UNEP-DTIE), Paris... 

Among three predominant modes of reforming, POX is more prone to coking, but SR is more difficult to operate and requires more equipment. ATR is a good compromise because of anode-recycle potential. A portion of... 

Experimental results indicate that the loadings of the organo lead complex which may be obtained for the solvent kerosene are approximately 300 g/1. If such an order of magnitude can be taken as typical of what might be obtained for common organic solvents, considerable recycle potential exists for the solvent, particularly for effluents containing only trace quantities of organic lead. 

Numerous examples report on the beneficial effects when catalysis is performed in an ionic liquid, be it increased rate, selectivity, recycling potential or even the accessibility of products that were not available otherwise. Are all these results to be questioned due to insufficiently purified ionic liquids Certainly not, rather the contrary is true. While ionic liquids of poor quality are likely to afford inferior results, it is only in few cases that the contaminant can be held responsible for any observed catalytic activity. An example are acid-catalysed reactions where HF from degradation of the anion could act as the catalyst. 

The recycling potential of hydroformylation catalysts in ionic liquids is highly dependent on the way the product is isolated. In terms of catalyst lifetime, simple decantation is certainly the method of choice. However at an industrial level, distillation is the most common separation technique and evaluation of catalyst recyclability under somewhat more stressful conditions has been determined/451... 

A large range of different ionic liquids have been screened in the epoxidation of cyclooctene with dioxomolybdenum(VI) complexes and ferf-butyl hydrogenperoxide as oxidant, as shown in Table 5.2.[32] With the diazabutadiene complex, 48, as catalyst, inferior turnover frequencies were observed relative to the reaction in neat substrate or in dichloromethane and the recycling potential of the catalyst turned out to be only limited. Catalyst immobilisation was better with the cationic tris(methylaminomethyl)ethane complex, 49, however at the expense of selectivity. Of the ionic liquids tested, [C4Ciim][Tf2N] gave the best results for both molybdenum complexes. 

The effect of nitrile-functionalised ionic liquids on the recycling potential was investigated in the coupling between iodobenzene and tributylphenyltin.[15] Several, closely related palladium-precursors, based on the ionic liquid cation [C3CNpy]+ and PdCP (Figure 6.5), were tested in the reaction, but the nature of the pre-catalyst did not have a significant influence on the rate. Independent from the ionic liquid used, rather low catalytic activity was observed and with 5 mol% catalyst, yields ranged between 43-65% after 12 hours at 80°C. 

A number of Lewis acidic metal salts have been tested in the acetylation of alcohols with acetic anhydride and acetic acid.[67] Of these, copper(II) triflate showed by far the highest activity, but the recycling potential was low. The recyclability was found to be much better with either Sc(OTf)3 or Yb(OTf)3. The reaction between benzyl alcohol and acetic anhydride proceeded to completion within one hour, whereas with acetic acid two days were required under identical reaction conditions. Of the ionic liquids tested, the best activities were obtained in [C4Ciim][PF6]. 

We are still far away from full utilization of the direct recycling potential, because huge amounts of the corresponding materials are still chemically converted to APT. The reasons for that situation are ... 

Difficulty in dismantling high-strength adhesive bonds, thus limiting recycling potential... 

BURILLO G., CLOUGH R., CZVIKOVSZKY T., ET AL., Polymer recycling potential application of radiation technology, Radiat. Phys. Chem., 64, 41 -51, 2002. 

Another remarkable aspect of this phenomenon is the repetitive nature of action of the complex, which suggests its recyclability potential. Using one and... 

In the following discussion the materials recycling potential of each of the main packaging polymers will be considered in the order of decreasing viability. 

Tanno, S (1997), Foiled again , RIBA Journal, Vol. 104, No. 7, pp. 86-87 Thormark, C (2006), The effect of material choice on the total energy need and recycling potential of a buUding , Building and Environment, Vol. 41, pp. 1019-1026... 

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Critical Metals for Future Sustainable Technologies and their Recycling Potential. Freiburg Oko-Institut e.V 2009. 

W. Sridach, K.T. Hodgson, and M.M. Nazhad, Biodegradation and recycling potential of barrier coated paperboards. Bioresources 2(2), 179-192 (2006). 

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