Reception theory

While each cnltme deserves its own reception theory, some generalities are possible concerning the commercial aspects of the movie exhibition business. While the Hollywood movie undoubtedly had a big... 

Carved wooden bears in all shapes and sizes overwhelmed Yngve and me at our visit to Noboribetsu in 1976. There was an afternoon to spare before the opening of the "Oji International Seminar on Theories and Ab Initio Computations of Molecular Electronic Structure" at Tomakomai, Hokkaido in the fall of 1976 so we wished to experience the hot springs. The train left us with a choice of buses, the desdnations of which were clearly indicated in Japanese writing. We found the right one and came to a city in a canyon where the sulfur fumes and hot water let themselves out. The kind reception by Kimio Ohno and Fukashi Sasaki at Hokkaido University remains a vivid memory. 

The absence of the emphasis on DNA, self-reproduction, and evolution in the theory of autopoiesis was certainly a reason for its lukewarm reception in the community of molecular biology - a difficulty that might have been avoided, had its authors been less rigid about the matter. In fact, it is not difficult to incorporate nucleic acids and enzymes into the autopoietic scheme. This was proposed more recently (Luisi, 1993 1997) and the corresponding modification is formally rather simple, as Figure 8.4 shows. 

The current accepted theory suggests that a bitter compound and a sweet compound bind independently at specitic receptors. This situation will be referred to as "independent" in this report. The data to follow will demonstrate that a bitter compound and a sweet compound bind at the same receptor in a competitive manner. Therefore, this situation will be referred to as "competitive" in this report. Which theory was the functioning mechanism of taste reception should be determinable when one measured the taste intensities of mixed solutions of bitter and sweet tasting compounds. In this experiment the mechanism could be predicted to elicit a considerable difference in taste intensity and response that was varying based on the final concentration of each component. The "independent" receptor mechanism would be expected to yield data in which the intensities of bitter and sweet would be unaffected by mixing the two tastes, no matter what the concentration. On the other hand, with the "competitive" receptor mechanism one would expect both flavors to become altered, i.e., one stronger and the other weaker, as component concentrations varied the latter would occur because of competition of the substances for the same site. 

M.P. Crosland, The First Reception of Daltons Atomic Theory in France, in Card-well, Dalton the Progress of Science, 274-289. 

The widely accepted theory of gate control was put forward by Melzack and Wall (1965). Wall (1978) later restricted the term to describe the immediate reception and control of sensory inputs that lead to effector triggering and sensation. Descending impulses from the raphe nuclei, reticular formation and other regions of the brain affect - and, in particular, inhibit - the activity of neurons in the dorsal horn, where gating functions are thought to be localized. Only when the gate is open does pain information pass to the brain. 

An interesting account and references to van t Hoff s early work can be found in The Reception of J. H. van t Hoff s Theory of the Asymmetric Carbon by H. A. M. Snelders, J. Chem. Educ. 51, 2 (1974). A century has passed since van t Hoff first published his theory, which he did-before he obtained his doctoral degree from the University of Utrecht, van t Hoff was the first recipient of the Nobel Prize in chemistry (1901) for his later work in thermodynamics and chemical kinetics. 

One method to realize the taste sensor may be the utilization of similar materials to biological systems as the transducer. The biological membrane is composed of proteins and lipids. Proteins are main receptors of taste substances. Especially for sour, salty, or bitter substances, the lipid-membrane part is also suggested to be the receptor site [6]. In biological taste reception, taste stimulus changes the receptor potentials of taste cells, which have various characteristics in reception [7,8]. Then the pattern constructed of receptor potentials is translated into the excitation pattern in taste neurons (across-fiber-pattem theory). 

The evidence of scientific experience, thus far, is solidly behind the psychological theories that assume an internal origin of the "knowledge" or stimuli of unusual experiences. However, we cannot exclude the possibility that the classical mystic experience, LSD reactions, certain phases of acute psychosis, and other unusual experiences represent conditions of special receptivity to external stimuli ordinarily excluded or ignored in the normal state. 

J. Hurwic, Reception of Kasimir Fajans s quanticule theory of the chemical bond a tragedy of a scientist , J. Chem. Educ., 1987, 64 (2), 122-123. 

A simplified summary of electromagnetic interaction theory for chemists [7] shows that any interaction requires equal participation of an emitter and an absorber. The crucial argument is that emission without a receptive absorber and absorption in the absence of an emitter are equally unlikely events. What occurs in all cases is therefore best described as transmission. This means that emission, which causes propagation of energy as a function of time, is balanced by an inverse retrogression that runs from the absorber, backwards in time. If a signal, transmitted at time t0 from the emitter, triggers an... 

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