Commercial Aspects

The major producers of the rose alcohols and citral have become so for a variety of reasons. Companies which manufacture wood and paper products produce sulfate turpentine or similar by-products rich in pinenes. They, or their subsidiaries, may then produce terpenoid fragrance materials from pinenes as a way of generating income from their by-product. Pharmaceutical companies which manufacture vitamins use terpenoid intermediates and so will often diversify into the manufacture of aroma chemicals. Their basic feedstocks are likely to be of petrochemical origin. Similarly, manufacturers of synthetic rubber possess technology for the use of isoprene as a feedstock and so are also likely to diversify into terpene aroma chemical manufacture. Fragrance companies will develop a position in terpenoid chemistry because of the importance of terpenoids as ingredients. 

The fragrance industry lies between the petrochemical and pharmaceutical industries in terms of scale of production and cost per kg of product. The production scale is closer to that of the pharmaceutical industry but the prices are closer to those of the bulk chemicals industry. 

The largest volume fragrance ingredients are produced in quantities of 5000-6000 ton worldwide per annum and some ingredients, mostly those with extremely powerful odours which limit their use in a fragrance, are required in only kilogram amounts. These figures are dwarfed by products such as nylon 66 and nylon 6 (polycaprolactam), each produced at the level of about 4 million tonnes annually. 

All these factors mean that chemists working in the fragrance industry have to work hard and think creatively and opportunistically in order to provide materials at an acceptable cost and without the advantages of scale that the bulk chemicals industry enjoys. 

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Boron hydrides, heteroboranes, and their metalla derivatives (commercial aspects)... 

BORON HYDRIDES, HETEROBORANES, AND THEIR METALLA DERIVATIVES (COMMERCIAL ASPECTS) Vol 4... 

Research Corp. "Boron Compounds (Boron Hydrides, Commercial Aspects)" in ECT3rd ed., Vol. 4, pp. 183—187, by G. B. Dunks, Union Carbide Corp. 

R D Focus. This database service [66] provides information on over 7000 drugs in active development. The service monitors the development, efficacy, and status of pharmaceuticals from early clinical testing through to launch. Data are gathered through direct contact with manufacturers and research organizations. It appraises both the scientific and commercial aspects of drug development and is searchable by product, by phase, by mechanism of action, and by country. R D Focus product is commercially available in several formats. 

The past 50 years has seen intense research activity in wood modification research, and this will continne. Over the past decade, we have seen the first tentative steps towards the development of an entirely new indnstry. The next decade will see the maturing of this indnstry, with a large increase in the nnmber of products available. This is a very exciting time for all of those involved in this area. This book reports upon the situation as of the beginning of 2005. In 10 years time, it may be necessary to devote an entire book solely to commercial aspects of wood modification. 

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