Gate functions

Fig. 3. Gate function and the TOF distribution of He atoms from an ISmeV nozzle beam (flight path 790mm).

Fig. 4, Gate function of a pseudorandom sequence of slots and bars and a schematic intensity distribution.

Fig. 9. The behavior of the occupied trap concentration n, [Eq. (63)] and the free electron concentration n [Eq. (65)] during and after a light pulse of duration tp. For part (a) the parameters are eni = 0.6ms-1, / = 1.2 ms-1, and x"1 = 11.8 ms"1. For part (b) the parameters are e.i = 0.06, 0.6, and 6 ms"1, respectively, for curves (i), (ii), and (iii). The choice of parameters is for illustrative purposes only and may not reflect a realistic situation. The shape of n, is only approximately correct in the dotted portions. Part (c) shows the gating functions for boxcar and lock-in amplifiers, respectively.

We can readily appreciate that because the neuromodulatory systems diverge in such radical ways between waking and sleep, they do not obey the simple activation rule any more than input-output gating functions do. They must therefore be accorded a special functional place in models of conscious state alteration. 

I hope it is clear from this discussion that the muscles can be both targets (of increased postural tone motor output) and sources (of increased sensorimotor input). They thus contribute doubly to move the input-output gating function (I) further back in the state space at the same time that the activation level (A) moves to the extreme right. The participation of the limbic system, especially the amygdala, creates a positive feedback loop that raises the level of aminergic modulation (M) toward the ceiling of the state space. 

The central nervous system (CNS) - the brain and spinal cord - is involved in the reception and interpretation of peripheral afferent nociceptive impulses. Reflexes mediated by spinal interneurons and the gating functions of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord are particularly crucial. However, our knowledge of brain mechanisms is still limited. 

The widely accepted theory of gate control was put forward by Melzack and Wall (1965). Wall (1978) later restricted the term to describe the immediate reception and control of sensory inputs that lead to effector triggering and sensation. Descending impulses from the raphe nuclei, reticular formation and other regions of the brain affect - and, in particular, inhibit - the activity of neurons in the dorsal horn, where gating functions are thought to be localized. Only when the gate is open does pain information pass to the brain. 

The joint gate function is centered around the frequency wo and the time to and acts as a filter on the bare signal /. As an example we shall consider the case when the spectral gate is given by the Fabri-Perot etalon [16] and the time gate is exponential,... 

Another example is a Pentium 4 chip. Forty-two million transistors are arranged on a few cm2 of substrate. Replacing these transistors by organic molecules opens new promises. In particular, an organic molecule that bears source, drain and gate functionality would be 1-3 nm in size. In other words,... 

A chemical approach to study of this device has been tried. Both hydrophobic anions and cations (octylguanidine) [226] are inhibitory in ATP synthesis. Acetylation of MF, and TF, [87] with H-laheled acetic anhydride resulted in loss of activity, though the first few highly accessible Lys residues were modified without inactivation. The modification of COOH and Arg also inactivated TF, [196], but the details are unknown. The -gating function of the y subunit of TF, [126] was confirmed in CF, [227] a number of bifunctional maleimides form crosslinks within the y subunit, and the resulting CF, becomes permeable to protons. 

The loss of gate function of fhe renal tubular cells prevents the renal epithelium from acting as a barrier to free movement of solute and water across the tubular epithelium. Thus, "backleak" of glomerular... 

If the 3 u) pulse of mode-locked Nd YAG laser and the picosecond continuum are used as an excitation and a monitoring pulses, respectively, just as in the transmittance and diffuse reflectance laser photolyses, the time-resolution should be improved up to 10 ps. In this case the pulse width of the picosecond continuum is less than 20 ps, so that the multichannel diode array without gating function was used. A demonstration experiment was performed for poly(methyl methacrylate) film containing 15 wt% benzophenone. The transient absorption spectrum at about 650 ps obtained with 6 = 59° is... 

The loss of gate function of the renal tubular cells... 

Fig. 2A Using the gate function to suppress background counts between the signal pulses left), to reduce the fluorescence signal in Raman measurements middle), and to suppress the Raman signal in fluorescence measurements right)...

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