Reactor evaluation

A reaction with rate equation rc = C/(1+0,2C) is conducted in a laminar flow reactor. Evaluate the ratio of the mean laminar conversion to the plug flow conversion for a range of residence times. 

Chapter 6 describes solar-powered photocatalytic reactors for the conversion of organic water pollutants. Nonconcentrating reactors are identified as some of the most energetically efficient units. It is reported that the absorption of radiation is a critical parameter in the efficiency reactor evaluation. The radiative transfer equation (RTE) solution under the simplified conditions given by the PI approximation is proposed for these assessments. 

B3. Bennett, L. L. Recommended Fission Product Chains for Use in Reactor Evaluation Studies, Report ORNL-TM-1658, Sept. 1966. 

Section 3 presents a look at the current state of membrane reactor evaluation. Despite the advances of recent years, many challenges and difficulties still face catalytic membrane reactors. Some are technical the materials available, although much improved, still suffer from problems of stability. The difficulty of obtaining high permeation rate and permselectivity in the same material still confronts us. Some problems are commercial or competitive in nature. For example, membrane reactors may be too expensive. In certain applications, reactors that are more conventional can outperform them. An active area of research answers the question of how to make such comparisons. Simple measures, such as conversion or yield, do not always give the whole story. 

A laboratory and on-reactor evaluation of three commercial Intermediate Range Monitors has been completed. Although none of the Instruments evaluated have all the features desired for a reactor process instrument, at least one of the instruments will satisfy the requirements with minor modifications. 

PV is a promising option to enhance the conversion of reversible condensation reactions in which water is formed as a by-product. Peters et al. (2005) prepared composite catalytic membranes by a dip-coating technique. Composite catalytic membranes have been prepared by applying a zeolite coating on top of ceramic hf silica membranes. In the PV-assisted esterification reaction, the catalytic manbrane was able to couple catalytic activity and water removal. A reactor evaluation proved that the outlet conversion of the catalytic PV-assisted esterification reaction exceeded the conversion of a conventional inert PV membrane reactor, with the same loading of catalyst dispersed in the bulk liquid. Further, the performance of the zeolite-coated PV membranes can be increased by optimization of the catalytic layer thickness or by an increase in catalytic activity. 

Peters, T.A., Benes, N.E. and Keurentjes, J.T.F. 2005a. Zeolite-coated ceramic pervaporation membranes pervaporation-esterification coupling and reactor evaluation. 

A series of critical experiments has been conducted at the Westinghouse Reactor Evaluation Center with plutonium-bearing fuel moderated by light water. The Zir-caloy-clad fuel consisted of 2 wt% PUO2-UO lent for the purpose of these experiments by BNWL. The uranium Isotopic ratio corresponded to the natural proportion two types of fuel were used which differed in plutonium isotopic ratios and which can be characterized by their Pu content 8 and 24%. 

The mixed-oxide cases were benchmarked against the and Westinghouse Reactor Evaluation Center (WREC) critical experiments. The Saxton and WREC critical experiments considered the effects of varying the following factors ... 

R. D. LEAMER et al., Westinghouse Reactor Evaluation Center PuOj-UOa Fueled Critical Experiments, WCAP-3726-1 (July 1967). 

Several land-based power plants with fast reactors evaluated as having a potential of being deployed in a relatively near-term, are listed in Table 7 above. These plants are sized for towns of several tens of thousands to a hundred thousand. If successful, they could be offered for purchase with customer operation, but with arrangements for fuel cycle and waste services made by the vendor under commercial contract at the time of sale. Fuel leasing may also be an option, as the conversion ratio of a fast reactor core could be made high. 

Direct smelting processes provide alternatives to the sinter plant-blast furnace above, up to the stage of crude bullion production, but still require the addition of refining operations to produce high-grade lead. Three alternatives have been evaluated - the Kivcet process, the QSL process and the Isasmelt process - as typical of the top submerged lance slag bath reactor. Evaluations are based on comparable feeds, predominantly lead concentrates with low residue inputs. 

Loading and unloading of the THTR reactor core was carried out while the bumup of the pebble-shaped fuel elements was monitored by means of a bumup measuring system. The main component of this system was the bumup measuring reactor (Solid Moderated Reactor) in which a reactivity effect is caused by operating elements as they pass through the reactor. Evaluation of this effect permits determination of the type of element and, in case of fuel elements, the bumup of the element. 

Two-region thorium breeder reactors evaluated under initial conditions. The results given here are for reactors at startup although the trends indicated apply to reactors in steady-state operation, the values given here for the breeding ratio and fuel concentration would be some-w hat different than those for steady-state conditions. 

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