Reactor engineering

Looking back to the progress achieved in the areas of conventional separation and reactor design, it seems that major advances have now been made. This has led to increasing research into methods in which reaction and separation are combined in a single unit. The equipment in which this dual function is carried out is sometimes referred to as the combo reactor. 

Combo reactors can be of two types, separation oriented and reaction oriented. In the first, reaction is used to achieve efficient separation, such as in the separation of / -cresol from its mixture with /n-cresol. This method need not necessarily be restricted to separation, for it can also be attractive from the reaction point of view in the following scenario the required product from a process comes out with a byproduct of low value in a very difficultly separable mixture of the two. If the byproduct can be converted to a useful coproduct in an easily separable mixture with the primary product, then we would have an attractive process. Alternatively, there can be two unimportant by-products in a difficultly separable mixture which can be converted to an easily separable mixture of useful products. An interesting example of this is illustrated later in this chapter. 

Modeling of type 1 systems leads to equations for the separation factor of a mixture enhanced by reaction. For type 2 systems, on the other hand, equations 

In summary, the quantity [I]50 cannot simply be equated with the inhibition constant K]. This can be done only if the following conditions are met (i) existence of non-competitive or uncompetitive inhibition and (ii) saturation of the enzyme by substrate. 

---

Both zirconium hydride and zirconium metal powders compact to fairly high densities at conventional pressures. During sintering the zirconium hydride decomposes and at the temperature of decomposition, zirconium particles start to bond. Sintered zirconium is ductile and can be worked without difficulty. Pure zirconium is seldom used in reactor engineering, but the powder is used in conjunction with uranium powder to form uranium—zirconium aUoys by soHd-state diffusion. These aUoys are important in reactor design because they change less under irradiation and are more resistant to corrosion. 

For complex reac tions and with multistage CSTRs, more than three steady states can exist (as in Fig. 23-17c). Most of the work on multi-phcities and instabilities has been done only on paper. No plant studies and a very few laboratoiy studies are mentioned in the comprehensive reviews of Razon and Schmitz Chem. Eng. Sci., 42, 1,005-1,047 [1987]) and Morbidelli et al. (in Carberry and Varma, Chemical Reaction and Reactor Engineering, Dekker, 1987, pp. 973-1,054). 

Shinnar, R., Use of Residence and Contact Time Distributions in Reactor Design, Chapter 2, pp. 63-149 of Chemical Reaction and Reactor Engineering, Carberry, J. J. and Varma, A., Eds., Marcel Dekker, New York, 1987. 

Ranade, V. V., Computational fluid dynamics for reactor engineering, Reviews in Chem. Eng., 11, 229, 1995. 

Chemical Reaction and Reactor Engineering, edited by J. J. Carberry and A. Varma... 

This is a very active area of research which involves collaboration between synthetic inorganic chemists, biochemists, neurosurgeons, nuclear physicists and reactor engineers, and there is considerable scope for advance in all of these (J8.60.6I)... 

S. GlaSSTONE and A. SeSONSKE, Nuclear Reactor Engineering, 4th edn., Chapman and Hall, New York, 1994, 852 pp. 

Many elements of a mathematical model of the catalytic converter are available in the classical chemical reactor engineering literature. There are also many novel features in the automotive catalytic converter that need further analysis or even new formulations the transient analysis of catalytic beds, the shallow pellet bed, the monolith and the stacked and rolled screens, the negative order kinetics of CO oxidation over platinum,... 

TJolymer reactor engineering is an important, evolving branch of tech-... 

Although the papers represent the whole range of kinds of polymers and processes, there are common themes which reveal the dominant concerns of polymerization reactor engineers. Fully half the papers are concerned rather closely with devising and testing mathematical models which enable process variables to be predicted and controlled very precisely. Such models are increasingly demanded for optimization and com-... 

Closely related to challenges in process integration are those in reactor engineering and design. Research in this area is important if we... 

Andersson, B. (2003) Important factors in bubble coalescence modeling in stirred tank reactors. 6th International Conference on Gas liquid and Gas-Liquid -Solid Reactor Engineering, 2003, Vancouver. 

Reactor Engineering and Technology Group, School of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia 2052 Corresponding author a.adesina unsw.edu.au tx 61-2-9385-5966... 

Pareek, V., M.P. Brungs, and A.A. Adesina, Photocausticization of Spent Bayer liquor A Pilot-Scale Study. Advances in Environmental Research, 2003. 7(2) p. 411-420. Bertola, F., M. Vanni, and G. Baldi, Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics to Multiphase Flow in Bubble Columns. International journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering, 2003. 1 p. A3. 

Reactor Engineering Studies on the BiodeNOx absorption process... 

Many authors regard chemical micro engineering as a separate, novel discipline (see, e.g., [5]), the term micro-reactor engineering being used already in an early citation [6], What is essentially different about micro reactors, i.e. what differentiates micro-reactor and chemical-micro-processing ... 

---