Biochemical engineering reactors

Before the details of a particular reactor are specified, the biochemical engineer must develop a process strategy that suits the biokinetic requirements of the particular organisms in use and that integrates the bioreactor into the entire process. Reactor costs, raw material costs, downstream processing requirements, and the need for auxiliary equipment will all influence the final process design. A complete discussion of this topic is beyond the scope of this chapter, but a few comments on reactor choice for particular bioprocesses is appropriate. 

Atkinson, B, Biochemical Reactors, Pion Limited, 1974 Lee, J M, Biochemical Engineering, Prentice-Hall, 1992... 

Chemical engineering is no longer confined to purely physical processes and the unit operations, and a number of important new topics, including reactor design, automatic control of plants, biochemical engineering, and the use of computers for both process design and control of chemical plant will be covered in a forthcoming Volume 3 which is in course of preparation. 

Chapter 5, on Biochemical Engineering, has been completely rewritten in two sections by Dr R. L. Lovitt and Dr M. G. Jones with guidance from the previous author, Professor B. Atkinson. The earlier part deals with the nature of reaction processes controlled by micro-organisms and enzymes and is prefaced by background material on the relevant microbiology and biochemistry. In the latter part, the process engineering principles of biochemical reactors are discussed, and emphasis is given to those features which differentiate them from the chemical reactors described previously. 

Pitcher W (1978) Design and operation of immobilized enzyme reactors. In Ghose T, Fiechter A, Blakebrough A (eds) Advances in biochemical engineering. Springer, Berlin... 

Chemical Reactor Engineering Centre (CREC) Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering University of Western Ontario London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B9... 

Because of their predictive capabilities, models are also essential tools in modem biochemical engineering for the design of processes and the optimization of media and reactor operational parameters in batch or continuous operation. They can also serve in the development of software sensors to estimate on-line the time variation of the medium composition. 

Bliem R Katinger H (1988) Scale-up engineering in animal cell technology Part II. Trends in Biotechnology 6 224-230. Bliem R, Konopitzky K Katinger H (1991) Industrial animal cell reactor systems aspects of selection and evaluation. Advances in Biochemical Engineering 44 2-26. 

Moo-Young M Blanch HW (1981) Design of biochemical reactors m s transfer criteria for simple and complex systems. Advances in Biochemical Engineering 19 1-69. 

Ray NG, Tung AS, Hayman EG, Vournakis JN Runstadler PW Jr (1990) Continuous cell culture in fluidized bed reactors cultivation of hybridomas and recombinant CHO cells immobilised in collagen microspheres. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Biochemical Engineering VI 589 443-457. 

Surface tension is an important property in the study of physics and chemistry at free surfaces as it affects the transfer rates of vapor absorption at the vapor-liquid interface. Such data are of importance to scientists, engineers, and practitioners in many fields such as chemical process and reactor engineering, flow and transport in porous media, materials selection and engineering, biomedical and biochemical engineering, electronic and electrical engineering, etc. The surface of a liquid is not only interesting for the fundamental aspects but also for its relevance in environmental problems, biological phenomena, and industrial applications. 

Connections with other courses in the curriculum, i believe that as educators, we should consider each of our courses to be a tree with roots and branches in other parts of the chemical engineering curriculum, rather than a silo of knowledge disconnected from the rest. It is for this reason in this book that I have made connections to courses in fluid mechanics, separations processes, reactor design, as well as the new chapter related to biochemical engineering ... 

Alternative Separation Processes Chemical Reactors Biochemical Engineering Waste Management Process Safety... 

An informative example of the general patterns of behavior of the chemostat upon variation of D has been given by Bailey and Ollis [J.E. Bailey and D.F. Ollis, Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals, McGraw-FIill Book Co., New York, NY, (1977)] and is shown in Figure 4.11 for a typical set of parameters. Note that the reactor is very sensitive to changes in D when operation is at conditions near washout. This sensitivity becomes particularly important if one wishes to maximize the amount of biomass effluent from the reactor, CD. Flere of course the requirement is... 

This volume contains most of the papers presented at the symposium. In addition, several chapters written by leading experts in the field have also been included. Several important aspects of immobilized microbial cell technology are discussed here carriers for immobilization, methods of cell attachment, biophysical and biochemical properties, reactor design, and process engineering of bound cell systems. A number of applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and medical areas— including those commercialized already— have been described. In essence, this is a comprehensive single volume state-of-the-art presentation of immobilized microbial cell systems. 

Blenke, H. (1979), Loop reactors, Advances in Biochemical Engineering, 13 121-214. 

Bnrghardt, A., Bartehnns, G., Jaroszynski, M., and Kolodziej, A. (1995), Hydrodynamics and mass transfer in a three-phase fixed-bed reactor with cocnrrent gas-liquid downflow, The Chemical Engineering Journal and the Biochemical Engineering Journal, 58(2) 83-99. 

Garcia-Ochoa, F.F., and Gomez, E. (1998), Mass transfer coefficient in stirred tank reactors for xanthan gum solutions, Biochemical Engineering Journal, 1(1) 1-10. 

Dykstra, K.H., Wang, H.Y., 1987. Biochemical engineering V. Annals of the New York Academy of Science. NYAS 56 511-522. Froment, RG., Bischoff, K.B., 1979. Chemical Reactor Analysis and Design. Wiley, New York. 

Yoshida, A., Hama, S., Tamadani, N., Fukuda, H., Kondo, A. (2012). Improved performance of a packed-bed reactor for biodiesel production through whole-cell biocatalysis employing a high-lipase-expression system. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 63, 76—80. 

Gan, Q., Allen, S. J., Taylor, G. (2002). Design and operation of an integrated membrane reactor for enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 12, 223-229. 

---