Reactive oxygen species fluorescent probes

Gomes, A., Fernandes, E. and Lima, J. L. F. C. (2005). Fluorescence probes used for detection of reactive oxygen species. J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods 65, 45-80. 

Inside the dark box main sockets and automation port ensure integration of special probe requirements like incubators. There is provision to insert a fiberoptic-guided light source that accept filters for fluorescent work. The sensitivity of the NightOWL is claimed to enable direct detection of reactive oxygen species, even without enhancers like luminol. 

Setsukinai K, Urano Y, Kakinuma K et al (2003) Development of novel fluorescence probes that can reliably detect reactive oxygen species and distinguish specific species. J Biol Chem 278 3170-3175... 

A possible pro-/antioxidant effect of C60 was tested in the presence of fluorescence probe 2, 7 -dichlorofluorescein. This compound is oxidized by reactive oxygen species (ROS), primarily by hydrogen peroxide (H202) with the transformation into the fluorescent oxidized form (A = 385 nm A = 535 nm). The method is supposed to be one of the most direct techniques of ROS indication (Bass et al., 1983 Clothier et al., 2002 Lautraite et al., 2003). 

Soh N. Recent advances in fluorescent probes for the detection of reactive oxygen species. Analyt. Bioanalyt. Chem. 2006 386 532-543. 

Setsukinai, K. Urano, Y. Kikuchi, K. Higuchi, T. Nagano, T., Fluorescence switching by o-dearylation of 7-aryloxycoumarins. Development of novel fluorescence probes to detect reactive oxygen species with high selectivity, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2 2000, 2453-2457... 

Fig. 5. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection in rat Schwann cells in vivo. Cells were cultured in Dulbecco s modified Eagle medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and either 5 vaM (A) or 30 vaM glucose (B). They were then incubated for 45 min in phosphate buffer saline, pH 7.5, containing 10 M of the ROS-sensitive molecular probe 5- (and 6)-chloromethyl-2, 7 -dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (CM-H DCFD A) and viewed by fluorescence microscopy.

Chen, X., Zhong, Z., Xu, Z., Chen, L., Wang, Y., 2010. 2, 7 -Dichlorodihydrofluorescein as a fluorescent probe for reactive oxygen species measurement forty years of application and controversy. Eree Radic. Res. 44, 587—604. 

Kristiansen, K.A., Jensen, P.E., Mpller, I.M., Schulz, A., 2009. Monitoring reactive oxygen species formation and localisation in living cells by use of the fluorescent probe CM-H2DCFDA and confocal laser microscopy. Physiol. Plant. 136, 369—383. 

Two fluorescent probes, 2 ,7 -dichlorofluorescin diacetate and dihydrorhodamine 123, have been used for detecting intracellular reactive oxygen species production. Properties of an ideal agent for this purpose would include ... 

The intracellular oxidation of fluorescent probes dichlorofluorescin, dihydrorhodamine, and hydro-ethidine by hamster alveolar macrophages in response to lipopolysaccharide did not shoe any significant increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (Imrich et al. 1999). 

The first observation of suppression of cancer cell proliferation by photoexcited PSi microparticles in vitro was reported in Ref (Timoshenko et al. 2006) where the number of mouse fibroblasts relative to the control decreased after illumination in the presence of PSi with concentration above 0.5 g/L. The death of 80 % of cells was detected for the concentration of 2 fL. These facts were explained by the effect of photosensitized generation of SO because of PSi microparticles. At the same time, the effect of PSi in darkness was almost negligible over the PSi concentration range of 0.5-2.5 g/L. Further experiments revealed that photoexcited PSi microparticles resulted in an increase of the apoptosis rate for cancer cells (Timoshenko et al. 2007). The death of cancer cells was related mostly to the oxidizing action of photosensitized SO, while other reactive oxygen species (ROS), e.g., superoxide ions 02, could also contribute to the PDT effect. The ROS generation by non-oxidized PSi microparticles in solution was revealed by means of the fluorescent probe and by detection the ROS-induced formation of cytotoxic species in vitro (Low et al. 2010). 

The development of fluorescent probes for detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has become an active research field. Probe 30 is a BODIPY-based probe bearing the reaction site of o-phenylenediamine toward NO. It shows fluorescence at 500 nm with low quantum yield due to the PET mechanism. The conversion of o-phenylenediamine into a benzotriazole group upon reaction with NO elicits a remarkable fluorescence enhancement (Scheme 7.26). 

J. R. Manning, P. Birch-Machin, M. A. Implications of using the fluorescent probes, dihydrorhodamine 123 and 2, 7 -dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, for the detection of UVA-induced reactive oxygen species. Free Radical Res. 2011,45,115-122. 

Xu, S. Liu, L. Tang, J. Li, S. Detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mainstream cigarette smoke using fluorescent probe. Yingyong Guangxue 2009, 30, 291-295. 

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