Re-use

In the first step of the process, photographic emulsion layers containing silver are washed with, for example, NaOH, and after separation, silver is recovered on one side, and cleaned PET-waste on the other side. Important in this process is that the washed PET-film scrap is clean enough to be recovered by direct re-extrusion, although careful analysis remains necessary. 

In order to eliminate these disadvantages, several alternative operation modes have been worked out in the past. A method to add recycled PET dming 

Although PET-recycling by direct re-use is by far the most economical process, it is only useful in practice for well characterized PET-wastes, having exactly known chemical composition (catalysts, stabilizers, impurities). Therefore, this process is the most suited for the recovery of in-production wastes, but it may not be ideal for customer-recollected PET-film. An industrial process for X-ray film-recycling was worked out by the IPR-company and introduced to the market under the name REPET on the basis of a triple motivation  

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Introduction and Commercial Application Eventually every field development will reach the end of its economic lifetime. If options for extending the field life have been exhausted, then decommissioning will be necessary. Decommissioning is the process which the operator of an oil or natural gas installations will plan, gain approval and implement the removal, disposal or re-use of an installation when it is no longer needed for its current purpose. 

It s obvious when the chloroform has finished coming over. If you re using heat with out vacuum the temperature will start to rise so make sure you stop before it gets too hot. If you are using vacuum it s time to stop anyway. 

Spent fuel can be stored or disposed of intact, in a once-through mode of operation, practiced by the U.S. commercial nuclear power industry. Alternatively, spent fuel can be reprocessed, ie, treated to separate the uranium, plutonium, and fission products, for re-use of the fuels (see Nuclear REACTORS, CHEMICAL reprocessing). In the United States reprocessing is carried out only for fuel from naval reactors. In the nuclear programs of some other countries, especially France and Japan, reprocessing is routine. 

As with all thermoplastic elastomers, the copolyesterethers can be processed as thermoplastics. They are linear polymers and contain no chemical cross-links, thus the vulcanisation step needed for thermosetting elastomers is eliminated and scrap elastomer can be re-used in the same process as virgin material (176—180). 

Re using the equivalent diameters defined in the following. This situation is, by arbitrary definition, opposite to that for the hydraulic diameter used for turbulent flow. 

When considering the availability of nutrients, it is also necessary to examine the significance of nutrient re-use within the waterbody. These internal sources amount not to an additional load, but a multiplier on the recyclability of the same load. This nutrient recycling and the internal stores from which they are recycled are often misunderstood, but there is a dearth of good published data about how these recycling mechanisms operate. Microbial decomposition in the water column is one of several internal loops recognized in recent years, but these are not closed and the flux of nutrients recycled through them is delayed rather than retained. 

The destiny of most biological material produced in lakes is the permanent sediment. The question is how often its components can be re-used in new biomass formation before it becomes eventually buried in the deep sediments. Interestingly, much of the flux of phosphorus is held in iron(lll) hydroxide matrices and its re-use depends upon reduction of the metal to the iron(ll) form. The released phosphate is indeed biologically available to the organisms which make contact with it, so the significance attributed to solution events is understandable. It is not clear, however, just how well this phosphorus is used, for it generally remains isolated from the production sites in surface waters. Moreover, subsequent oxidation of the iron causes re-precipitation of the iron(lll) hydroxide floes, simultaneously scavenging much of the free phosphate. Curiously, deep lakes show almost no tendency to recycle phosphorus, whereas shallow... 

So in this chapter of failure analysis and corrective methods, we decided to consider some problems, symptoms, and remedies particular to PD pumps. We re using two tables. The first table lists the few symptoms that send a PD pump into the shop. These symptoms are mated to another column of possible causes listed in numerical order. The numerical causes are on the second tabic starting with the. source of the problem in the left column and the probable cause/suggested remedy in the right column. As you go through the list, you ll see again that PD pumps and centrifugal pumps have a lot in common. Enjoy. 

Knowledge capture - The greater the potential to re-use information gathered from the project to make further improvements to productivity, or roll-out applications to other parts of the company, the greater the potential ROT... 

This methodology has iilso been apphed to the synthesis of nitcleoside derivadves, which re used in the preparadon of dnigs against AIDS fEq 7 85 ... 

After the electrolytic action. has continued for a suitable period, the contents of the vessel are allowed to cool, following which the unchanged nitro-cymene is separated for re-use, and the l-methyl-2-amino-4-iso-propyl-5-hydroxy benzol is filtered off from the remaining acid solution, whidh latter is strengthened for re-use. The l-methyl-2-amino-4-isopropyl-5-hydroxy benzol is then diazotised, and further reduced in an alkaline solution of stannous chloride, in the usual and well-known manner, with the resulting- production of thymol (l-methyl-4-isopropyl-5-hydroxy benzol). 

Figure 6-4 shows two individual single-stage ejectors discharging into a common surface after-condenser. The steam condensate can be re-used from this installation. 

For final calculation use from Figures 7-23 or 7-24 and substitute in the above equation. Determine the needed Reynolds number, Re, using the next size larger orifice. Area is determined from that made in the first trial calculation [33]. 

Re-use of cladding or other construction materials smoke ventilation, drainage, fire detection/suppression systems or techniques to reflect the existing installations may not comply with current requirements, particularly with respect to ... 

Recovery and re-use of the condensate and its heat content is usually simple and effective. 

There are three main types of filter viscous, dry and HEPA. Viscous filters are normally a coarse weave of glass, plastic or metal strands coated with oil. As the air passes through the filter, particles impact against the material and are held in the oil. The panels are normally washable and can be re-used after re-oiling. Viscous filters provide good general filtration for air inlet to buildings. 

In some cases sensible design can lead to re-use of water, which reduces both water and effluent costs. This is best achieved by intelligent routing of the water rather than by treatment before re-use. Effluent treatment is best avoided wherever possible. For example, very slightly contaminated process wash water can be recovered for washing down floors. This reduces charges for both incoming water and effluent. 

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