Re-use options

Since little is yet known about efficiency on the technical scale, future investigation should focus on (i) efficiency with respect to separation yield, energy demand and amount of mass separation agents required, (ii) long-term re-use options of auxiliary agents such as extractants or adsorbents and (iii) ease of scaling up. Furthermore, a crucial point for further development of regeneration will be to identify the pollutants that disturb the main process as well as their critical concentration levels in the electrodeposition process. 

The further the materials have to be transported, the greater the increase in costs. In order to assess the economic viability of the re-use option, the applicable disposal costs should be taken into account. These differ between various regions and depend on the residue t5 e. 

The minimisation of emissions, efficient raw material and energy usage, optimum process chemical utilisation, the recovering and recycling of waste and the substitution of harmful substances are all important principles of the IPPC Directive. For foundries the focal points are air emissions, the efficient use of raw materials and energy, and waste reduction, in conjunction with any recycling and re-use options. 

---