Rapid microbiological methods

Stannard C. J., Petit S.B. Skinner F. A. (1989) Rapid Microbiological Methods for Foods, Beverages and Pharmaceuticals. Society of Applied Bacteriology Technical Series No. 25. Oxford Blackwell Scientific Publications. 

Denyer S.P. (1990) Monitoring microbiological quality application of rapid microbiological methods to pharmaceuticals. In Guide to Microbiological Control in Pharmaceuticals (eds S.P. Denyer R.M. Baird), pp. 146-156. Chichester Ellis Horwood. 

M. W., Ecker, D. J. in Encyclopedia of Rapid Microbiological Methods, ed. Michael, J., Miller, P. D., Parenteral Drug Assodation, Bethesda, 2005, 287-307. 

Although not within the scope of this chapter, it is worth noting that the PAT initiative also involves the development of rapid microbiological methods [46], the word rapid in this context being the analogue to process analytical for chemical and physical measurements. The scope of microbial testing within this initiative includes... 

Brovko L, Ugarova N, Dukhovich A. Bioluminescent reagents and Rapid microbiology methods. In Stanley PE, Kricka LJ. eds. Bioluminescence and chemiluminescence. Current status. Chichester Wiley, 1991 433-6. 

Moulds in Rapid Microbiological Methods for Food, Beverages and Pharmaceuticals , Society for Applied Bacteriology Symposium, Vol. 25, ed. CJ. Stannard, S.P. Petitt and F.A. Skinner, Blackwell, Oxford, 1989. 

Barney, M., Kot, E. (1992). A comparison of rapid microbiological methods for detecting beer spoilage microorganisms. MBAA Technical Quarterly, 29, 91-95. 

In industrial production quantitative analysis of the microbiological burden of the product is carried out before and after every micro-organism reducing step. Rapid microbiological methods (RMM), such as ATP-bioluminescence are capable of producing results in real time, since traditional culture-based microbiological analysis techniques take at least several days to get a result [38, 39], see also Sect. 19.6.5... 

Farquharson G (2012) Embracing rapid microbiological methods for products, processes and environments. Eur J Paren Pharm Sci 17(1) 45... 

For many products prepared in hospital pharmacies or in instimtions such as blood banks, the batch size is too small (one or only a few units) or the shelf life is too short (<14 days) to perform a complete sterility test as described in pharmacopoeias. In such instances, such as with radiopharmaceuticals (see Sect. 15.6.7), the pharmacist has to rely on the aseptic precautions during preparation (see Sect. 31.6). The use of rapid microbiological methods (RMMs) may also be an alternative to test products with such short shelf lives. 

Gordon OG, Gray JC, Anders HJ, Staerk A, Neuhaus G, Schaefli O (2011) Overview of rapid microbiological methods evaluated, validated and implemented for microbiological quality control. Eur Pharm Rev 2 9-13... 

Gaylarde, C. C., Bento, F. M. and Lopes, P. T. C., 1998. Rapid microbiological methods in the petrochemical industry. In LABS 3 Biodegradation and Biodeterioration in Latin American. The Biodeterioration Society Microbiologia, Paper No. 36. 

The successful and possibly rapid degradation of toxic dye residues is of considerable importance form both a human and a veterinary toxicological point of view and for environmental protection. Because of the high amount of dyes loaded in the environment, much effort has been devoted to the development of physical, physicochemical and microbiological methods obtaining the degradation of dyes to non-toxic (even nutritive) derivatives. As has been previously mentioned, visible spectroscopic methods are widely applied for the measurement of the decomposition rate of dyes. However, when more than one dye molecule is simultaneously present or the primary decomposition products also absorb on... 

Pettigrew, C. A. Sayler, G. S. (1986). The use of DNA DNA colony hybridization in the rapid isolation of 4-chlorobiphenyl degradative bacterial phenotypes. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 5, 205-13. 

Slender H, Eiandaca M, Hyldig-Nielsen JJ, Coull J. PNA for rapid microbiology. J. Microbiol. Methods 2002 48 1-17. 

Conventional plate assays require several hours incubation and consequently the possibility of using rapid microbiological assay methods has been studied. Two such methods are ... 

Vesterlund, S., Paltta, J., Laukova, A., Karp, M., and Ouwehand, A.C. 2004. Rapid screening method for the detection of antimicrobial substances. Journal of Microbiological Methods 57 23-31. 

In the last decade, great effort has gone into the development of new, more rapid, detection methods. These methods are among others based on DNA and immunological techniques, but most of them are not yet routinely used in food and water microbiology laboratories. 

Values of I z I over 2 should lead the concerned laboratory to investigate rapidly for the reasons of this weak performance before the next trial of the interlaboratory study starts. An example of z-score is shown in the section 12.5.6. Figures 12.3a-c show graphs of z-scores obtained in proficiency testing schemes carried out within the QUASIMEME (see section 12.5.6) and MICROBATH (bathing water microbiology method development study) frameworks. 

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major cause of hospital-acquired infections. It is directly responsible for about 1,000 deaths per annum in the UK, is a contributory factor in many more, and imposes a considerable financial burden on health services. Standard microbiological methods take from 2-4 days to determine the presence of MRSA in clinical samples. This limits the value of testing to the monitoring of infection trends rather than in the provision of information to aid in the treatment of patients. A rapid test could be used both to guide the prescription of antibiotics and to identify patients carrying MRSA as a tool in infection control. 

Microbiological methods are separately too insensitive to delect fluctuations in environmental control that could be significant to the sieriftiy of asepti-cally filled products. In combination they are a more powerful tool, because the probability of two or three independent methods being subject to simultaneous chance contamination becomes rapidly more remote. 

Macnaughton, S.J., Jenkins, T.L., Wimpee, M.H., Cormier, M.R. and White, D.C. (1997) Rapid extraction of lipid biomarkers from pure culture and environmental samples using pressurized accelerated hot solvent extraction. Journal of Microbiological Methods 31,19-27. 

The economic interest is very important in the development of the drugs. The separation methods are more economical than the asymmetric synthetic methods, and hence the development of rapid, reproducible, and inexpensive resolution methods is a demanding area. Conventionally, enantiomeric separation is performed by fractional crystallization, microbiological methods, kinetic enzymatic resolution, or by chromatographies [Ilisz et al., 2006), which have the problems of robustness, reproducibility, ease, and cost effectiveness. 

Buyer, J.S. (2002) Rapid sample processing and fast gas chromatography for identification of bacteria by fatty acid analysis. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 51, 209-215. 

Koubek J, Uhlik O, Jecna K, Junkova P, Vrkoslavova J, Lipov J, Kurzawova V, Macek T, Mackova M. Whole-cell MALDI-TOF rapid screening method in environmental microbiology. Int Bio-deterior Biodegrad. 2012 69 82-6. doi 10.1016/j.ibiod.2011.12.007. 

Girdwood, R.H., 1954, Rapid estimation of the serum vitamin B12 level by a microbiological method. British Medical Journal. 2(4894) 954-956. 

Barea JM, Navarro E, Palomares A, Montoya E (1974) A rapid microbiological assay method for auxins, gibberellic acid and kinetin using yeast. J Appl Bacteriol 37 171-174... 

---