Rapid identification of bacteria

Two principal types of nucleic acid-based methods, nucleic acid hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), are commonly used for the rapid identification of bacteria. A few other nucleic acid-based methods will also be mentioned. 

Krishnamurthy, T. Ross, P. L. Rapid identification of bacteria by direct matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric analysis of whole cells. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 1996,10,1992-1996. 

T. Krishnamurthy and P. L. Ross. Rapid Identification of Bacteria by Direct Matrix-aAssisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Whole Cells. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 10(1996) 1992-1996. 

Jensen MA, Webster JA, Straus N (1993) Rapid identification of bacteria on the basis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified ribosomal DNA spacer polymorphisms. Appl Environ Microbiol 59 945-952... 

Stevenson, L.G., Drake, S.K., and Murray, P.R. (2010) Rapid identification of bacteria in positive blood culture broths by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. J. Clin. Microbiol, 48, 444-447. 

Fig. 4.1 A proteomic strategy for rapid identification of bacteria in mixtures. (Provided by Prof. Bettina Warschied)...

Direct and rapid identification of bacteria from environmental samples and mixtures by MALDI-TOF MS remains challenging. Target bacteria may exist in low... 

In this chapter a variety of conventional and rapid methods that are currently used for the identification of bacteria (Table 1.1) will be discussed. 

Bergeron, M. G. Ouellette, M. Preventing antibiotic resistance through rapid genotypic identification of bacteria and of their antibiotic resistance genes in the clinical microbiology laboratory. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1998, 36, 2169-2172. 

Holland, R. D. Wilkes, J. G. Sutherland, J. B. Persons, C. C. Voorhees, K. J. Lay, J. O. Rapid identification of intact whole bacteria based on spectral patterns using matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Rapid Comm. Mass Spectrom. 1996,10,1227-1232. 

Goodacre, R. Timmins, E. M. Burton, R. Kaderbhai, N. Woodwards, A. M. Kell, D. B. Rooney, P. J. Rapid identification of urinary tract infection bacteria using... 

As noted above, whole-cell MALDI-TOF MS was intended for rapid taxonomic identification of bacteria. Neither the analysis of specific targeted bacterial proteins, nor the discovery of new proteins, was envisioned as a routine application for which whole cells would be used. An unknown or target protein might not have the abundance or proton affinity to facilitate its detection from such a complex mixture containing literally thousands of other proteins. Thus, for many applications, the analysis of proteins from chromatographically separated fractions remains a more productive approach. From a historical perspective, whole-cell MALDI is a logical extension of MALDI analysis of isolated cellular proteins. After all, purified proteins can be obtained from bacteria after different levels of purification. Differences in method often reflect how much purification is done prior to analysis. With whole-cell MALDI the answer is literally none. Some methods attempt to combine the benefits of the rapid whole cell approach with a minimal level of sample preparation, often based on the analysis of crude fractions rather... 

Rossetti, L., Giraffa, G. (2005). Rapid identification of diary lactic acid bacteria by M-13 generated RAPD-PCR fingerprint database./. Microbiol. Methods, 63, 135-144. 

K. J. Lay, J.O., Jr. Rapid Identification of Intact Whole Bacteria Based on Spectral Patterns Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization With Time-of-FlightMass Spectiometry, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 10(10), 1227-1232 (1996). 

A novel technique that combines the unique performance characteristics of peptide nucleic acid probes (PNA) with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for identification of S. aureus directly from positive blood cultures without cultivation and biotyping has been described (Kempf et al. 2000) and has recently been applied to the rapid and specific identification of bacteria including S. aureus (Oliveira et al. 2003). 

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