Railroad transportation

Railroad Transport Renewed interest is developing in the use of railroads for hauling sohd wastes, especially in heavily populated areas where landfill space is scarce and tipping fees are high. Containerized waste on piggyback rail cars are used. Fiill-size bulk material cars are also used for shipping solid wastes. 

The method of transporting ore from the mine to the beneficiation plant depends on ore characteristics, mining methods, and local infrastructure. Railroad transport has been practiced in Russia and Iraq. Haul trucks and belt conveyors are commonly used in China, Jordan, Mexico, Morocco, Russia, Syria, Tunisia, and the western United States. Slurry pipelines of 18-22 in. diameter, operating at less than 100 psig, are used exclusively in central Florida, north Florida, and eastern North Carolina. The pipelines may be extended up to 10 miles or more, by installing a series of centrifugal slurry pumps at 4000 ft intervals. 

Pipe shall be loaded for shipment in accordance with API ftp 5L1, Railroad Transportation of Una Pipe, or API RP 5L5, Marine Transportation of Lins Pipe, whichever is applicable. 

Railroad cars and locomotives, except owned by railroad transportation companies 12 15 18 8... 

A coal slurry pipeline is a system for transporting solid coal particles in a liquid carrier. Long-distance coal slurry pipelines are an alternative to railroad transport, and their practicality and economics are largely dependent on land ownership, terrain, water availability and water contamination concerns, political considerations, and coal demand. An example of pipeline transport is the 440 km Black Mesa pipeline, which was completed in 1970 and is currently the only long-distance coal slurry pipeline operating in the United States. Slurry pipelines are also used over shorter distances to transport material within a processing facility. 

API Recommended Practice 5L1 Recommended Practice for Railroad Transportation of Line Pipe ... 

Railroad Transportation Statistics for the Chemical and Allied Products Industry... 

TURNER— RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION STATISTICS FOR THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY... 

When commodity statistics of railroads in a particular area, district, or region are combined, they point up the peculiar production and traffic characteristics of areas which may have a bearing on such matters as freight car distribution. When the annual statistics of all railroads in the country are combined, a comprehensive picture of the producing and consuming areas is obtained as well as a clearer understanding of the vital part played by railroad transportation in the economic life of the nation. 

In short, the chemical and allied products industry makes much greater use of railroad transportation service, and depends upon such service to a much greater degree, than is indicated in the summary of the 34 major commodity classes. 

It is fascinating to speculate whether the outcomes we observe in the past might have been entirely different with different timing. For example, had steam turbine electric engines been introduced in the market a few years earlier, would we still have railroad transportation based on coal and steam ... 

Or, with the current concern over energy availability and prices, and regulatory demands for industrial conversion to coal, might we again see railroad transportation based on a more sophisticated and highly developed form of one of these earlier failure attempts What is clear from the cases is that the established firms reacted too late to save their business, and that waiting until a threat is obvious is clearly a dan rous strategy. 

In a brief report, discuss why we need various modes of transportation. How did they evolve Discuss the role of public transportation, water transportation, highw transportation, railroad transportation, and air transportation. 

FIGURE 5.7 Training workshop at the Association of American Railroads Transportation Test Center in Pueblo, Colorado. 

S. N. Kazarnovskii and G. M. SkaUna, Transactions of the All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Railroad Transport, No. 208 25 (1961). 

RID Regulation for international railroad transportation of hazardous commodities... 

Oh, K. K., C. D. Martland, J. M. Sussman, and P. Little. Origin-to-Destination Trip Times and Reliability of Rail Freight Services in North American Railroads. Transportation Research Record, no. 1489 (1995) 1-8. 

While employees face the greatest statistical risk of any of the parties involved in railroad transportation, risk analysts have observed workers will tolerate greater risks than consumers or bystanders. This is because workers are assumed to quickly become familiar with workplace hazards, voluntarily choose their occupation, and derive direct economic benefits from exposure to the hazards in that risky occupations will have to pay wage premiums to attract staff. 

Railroads transport almost a quarter of all agricultural shipments. For certain specific agricultural commodities the market share is even higher. The AAR (1996a) reports that in railroads carried forty percent of total domestic grain production. Railroads also have significant market shares for transporting ores, chemicals, and scrap materials. 

The Federal Railroad Administration promotes safe, environmentally sound, successful railroad transportation to meet current and future needs of all customers. We encourage policies and investment in infrastructure and technology to enable rail to realise its full potential. ... 

Experiments with steam engines to drive boats were being made in Britain and in America, and the first commercially successful river paddle steamship, Robert Fulton s Clermont, appeared in America in 1807 (36). Then, in 1823, Englishman George Stephenson established a locomotive firm in Newcastle and, two years later, demonstrated the feasibility of steam-powered railroad transportation (37). 

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