Radiofrequency identification

Technology—involve pharmaceutical companies and distributors to develop innovative solutions, such as radiofrequency identification (RFID) to track movements of drugs, tamper-proof packaging to deter tampering, and printing technologies aimed at end user compliance Risk communication—IMPACT to develop and coordinate effective mechanisms to alert and respond to counterfeit drug activities inform and educate users and healthcare professionals to be alert and report suspicious cases... 

Smart cards are among the fastest growing applications for electrically conductive adhesives. Smart cards are pocket-size plastic cards with thin embedded ICs that store, process and transfer data much in the manner of a mini-computer. Smart labels are also being developed where the substrate is paper instead of plastic. Flip-chip transponder chips and flexible antenna are incorporated producing, for example, low-cost radiofrequency identification (RFID) units. 

It should be noted that a hybrid approach to design gas-sensing devices on plastic substrates can be used as well. In particular, a surface acoustic wave (SAW) chip, which require substrates with very different properties, can be transferred onto a plastic substrate Cobianu et al. (2007). Another interesting and new approach is the coating of passive (no power source on board) conventional RFID (radiofrequency identification) tags with chemically sensitive films to form a chemical sensor (Potyrailo and Morris 2007). The detection of several vapors of industrial, health, law enforcement, and security... 

Aiming to address the demand for wireless sensors, the first ultra-low-power radiofrequency identification (RFID) wireless sensor tag with potentiometric input for use with pH and ion-selective electrodes was developed [181]. The proposed tag is able to autonomously measure and store electrode potential in its internal memory, and then transfer logged data wirelessly by RFID to a nearby reader or by near-field communication (NFC) to a smart phone. 

The results obtained by the authors were comparable to products produced from conventional cellulose paper [82]. Dahman and Oktem obtained an optically transparent nanostructured biocomposite composed of surface-modified BNC and poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate). Composite samples containing 1% (w/w) nanofiber transmitted over 80% of the light, whereas samples with less than 1% (w/w) BNC content exhibited higher light transmittances [83]. Transparent NCC films open the doors to new applications for cellulose devices, e.g., paper displays, smart packaging, radiofrequency identification, and smart labels [82,83]. 

From a study of the microwave spectrum of 2-methylselenophene, the second-order Stark effect in the ground state was determined.11 The technique used was double radiofrequency-microwave resonance. For the identification by the double resonance method transitions of chiefly the A-state were chosen. From these observations the components of the dipole moment of 2-methylselenophene and the total dipole moment were determined. 

Identification of Minerals in Coal. Once the low-temperature mineral matter residue has been obtained by radiofrequency ashing, the minerals can be identified, and their concentrations can be determined by a variety of instrumental techniques. The best developed, most inclusive, and probably most reliable method used thus far in distinguishing minerals in coal is x-ray diffraction analysis. It has been used extensively by Gluskoter (15), Wolfe (17), O Gorman and Walker (2), and Rao and Gluskoter (1) and has been somewhat successful in quantifying mineral analyses. 

USACHPPM can provide assistance in the identification of and the protection against laser and radiofrequency hazards. 

Nuclear magnetic resonance NMR Quantized orientation of nuclear spin in a magnetic field. Energy separations sampled with radiofrequency radiation. Identification of histidine by deuterium exchange (N—H vs. N—D) at or near metal, especially if paramagnetic. 

The organic field effect transistor (OFET) acts essentially as an electronic valve by modulating the semiconductor channel conductance via the gate field. This device is essential in all electronic applications, including integrated circuits for memories and sensors and also to drive individual pixels in active matrix displays. Probably one of the most exciting applications of organic electronic circuits is in the supply chain area, where radiofrequency-powered elements (e.g. RFID tag) may replace ID barcodes for identification and be applicable as a backplane drive for displays. 

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is the responses of nuclear spins to external radiofrequency (RF) stimulations, or the absorption and reemission of RF pulses by nuclear spins in a magnetic field. NMR techniques are developed to utilize this NMR phenomenon for the characterization of structures and dynamic properties of molecular systems, and for the identification and visualization of molecules and distributions. In the field of PEMFCs, the NMR techniques are frequently applied to the development and improvement of essential materials, proton exchange membrane and electrocatalysts, and the water management of PEMFCs. 

Stevenson WG, Khan H, Sager P, Saxon LA, Middlekauff HR, Natterson PD, Wiener I. Identification of reentry circuit sites during catheter mapping and radiofrequency ablation of ventricular tachycardia late after myocardial infarction. Circulation 1993 88 1647-70. 

Developing MS/MS for structural identification does not require a particular strategy. We isolate the ion whose affiliation we want to establish and dissociate it by collisions with different activation energy values to establish the order of appearance of the fragment ions. The radiofrequency is scanned at a large amplitude to detect all the fragment ions. Each one provides information about the structure of the analyzed molecule. 

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