Radioactive waste disposal Sweden

Pedersen K 1997 Microbial life in deep granitic rock. FEMS Microbiol Rev 20 399-414 Pedersen K 1999 Subterranean microorganisms and radioactive waste disposal in Sweden Engin Geol 52 163-176... 

If we consider that there are individual binary interactions between these six aspects, there are (6x6 - 6) = 30 separate interactions. The concept of such interactions and the use of an interaction matrix within rock engineering systems have been discussed by Hudson (1992) and the structuring of the features, events and processes related to radioactive waste disposal within an interaction matrix has been used by SKB in Sweden (SKB, 1999). 

Although evidence from natural systems is useful to constrain reaction mechanisms and minerals to be incorporated into such models, time-dependent information is generally lacking. A series of laboratory column experiments have been conducted as blind test cases in order to test the capabilities of two of the currently available, coupled models to predict product solids and output fluid compositions with time. The experiments reacted single minerals of importance to the radioactive waste disposal programmes in the UK, Sweden and Switzerland, with simplified young (Na-K-Ca-OH) and evolved (Ca(OHE) synthetic cement porewater leachates. 

These reports are based on 120 technical reports (here denoted by KBS TR) on different technical aspects of waste treatment and ground disposal. More than 70 university departments and consulting companies in Sweden and abroad have been engaged in the preparation of these reports. The research on storage of radioactive waste in the ground is still in progress, both within the Nuclear Fuel Safety Project but also within a Swedish-American joint project between Swedish Nuclear Fuel Supply Co(Svensk Karnbranslefdrsorjning AB, SKBF), Fack, S-10240 Stockholm, Sweden, and Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Earth Science Division, University of California, Berkeley. 

Disposal of High Level Radioactive Waste Consideration of Some Basic Criteria, The Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Authorities in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, 1993. 

RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT ADVISORY COMMITTEE (RWMAC), Report from the RWMAC on British Nuclear Fuels pic Proposals for the Return of Waste Resulting from the Reprocessing of Nuclear Spent Fuel to Overseas Utilities, 14th Annual Report of the RWMAC, London (June 1994), 54 - 57 THE RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITIES IN DENMARK, HNLAND, ICELAND, NORWAY AND SWEDEN, "Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Waste - Consideration of Some Basic Criteria", Stockholm (1992) "Technical Appraisal of the Current Situation in the Field of Radioactive Waste Management", a Collective Opinion of the NEA Radioactive Waste Management Committee, OECD, Paris (1985)... 

Proposals for the geological disposal of heat emitting high-level radioactive wastes (HLW) have been put forward by many countries including Japan, Canada, Sweden, Switzeriand, USA, Spain and others. The disposal concepts invariably involve underground multi-barrier schemes where bentonite clay is chosen for a number of desirable attributes including its swelling potential and ability to trap the majority of released radionuclides (JNC 1999 Chapman and McCombie 2003). 

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