Rabbits ocular

D Aitken, J Friend, RA Thoft, WR Lee. (1988). An ultrastructural study of rabbit ocular surface transdifferentiation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 29 224-231. 

Rabbit Ocular 1.0 mg CN /kg as hydrogen cyanide 1 application ld50 Ballantyne 1983b... 

Amir, A., Kadar, T., Chapman, S., Turetz, J., Levy, A., Babin, M., Ricketts, K., Brozetti, J., Logan, T., Ross, M. (2003). The distribution kinetics of topical C-sulfur mustard in rabbit ocular tissues and the effect of acetylcysteine. J. Toxicol. 22 201-14. 

Romanowski EG, Yates KA. Topical corticosteroids of limited potency promote adenovirus repUcation in the Ad5/NZW rabbit ocular model. Cornea 2002 21 289-291. 

The subjectivity in the allocation of the rabbit ocular tissue scores and the differences in the individual animal responses of the same species and strain [10, 12, 13, 20],... 

Chiou, G, C., Shen, G.-F, and Zheng, Y-Q. (1990). Adju.simcnl of blood sugar levels with insulin and glucagon eye drops in normal and diabetic rabbits. / Ocular Phannacol. 6, 237-241. 

Rabbit Ocular P. vestitus Figures in brackets indicate 95% confidence intervals. No systemic signs of intoxication. Eye irritation, swelling, edema, ulceration and conjunctivitis [96]... 

The toxicity of a few boric acid esters has been summarized (30). In general the toxicities are directiy related to the toxicity of the alcohol or phenol produced on hydrolysis. Methyl borate has an oral rat LD q of 6.14 mL/kg in a range finding test (31) and the percutaneous LD q for the rabbit of 1.98 mL/kg. In eadier work (32), the oral LD q for the rat was 2.82 mL/kg the intraperitoneal LD q was 3.2 mL/kg. It has been shown that the mouse is more susceptible to these compounds than the rat. Methyl borate was found to be moderately irritating in an ocular toxicity test using rabbits (31,32) but only mildly irritating to skin (31). 

Internal Reports Skin Corrosion Potential ofEiquid Citric Acid S0%,Jan. 19, 1979, Dermal Irritation of Citric Acid in the Rabbit, Dec. 20, 1990, Ocular Irritation of Citric Acid in the Rabbit, May 14, 1991, Miles Inc., Elkhart, Ind. 

Methods of testing for eye and skin irritation potential have been reviewed (137). The official FHSA procedure for evaluating ocular irritation potential of detergent products is a modified Drai2e rabbit eye test (138). Some controversy surrounds this method at present, and a search for a procedure less injurious to test animals is in progress. In general, the order of irritation is cationic > anionic > nonionic (139). 

The water solubiUty of glutaric acid fosters its toxicity. Glutaric acid is a known nephrotoxin. Renal failure has been documented ia rabbits adruinistered sodium glutarate subcutaneously (124). Dibasic ester (Du Pont), which contains primarily dimethyl glutarate, has low acute toxicity by inhalation and by ingestion, and is moderately toxic via dermal absorption. The acid is both a dermal and ocular irritant of humans. The ester is a severe skin irritant and may cause a rash ia humans (120). 

Limited information was available regarding ocular irritation by endosulfan. An unspecified amount of a 20% aqueous suspension of endosulfan instilled in the eyes of rabbits did not produce any ocular irritation or congestion (Gupta and Chandra 1975). 

Anand et al. 1987). The authors hypothesized that the ocular effects associated with endosulfan may be a result of prolonged hypertension (although no data on blood pressure were presented, and there is no other information to indicate that chronically administered endosulfan induces hypertension) or an endosulfan-induced vitamin A deficiency (which was observed in this study). Although the rabbit may represent a uniquely sensitive species, the possibility that long-term exposure of persons at hazardous waste sites to endosulfan may result in adverse effects on ocular tissues cannot be eliminated. 

Anand M, Gopal K, Mehrotra S, et al. 1987. Ocular toxicity of organochlorinated pesticides in rabbits. Journal Toxicol-Cut and Ocular Toxicol 6 161-171. 

Zimmerman, L.E. and Silverstein, A.M. (1959). Experimental ocular hypersensitivity histopathological changes observed in rabbits receiving a single injection of antigen into the vitreous. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 48, 447-465. 

Systemic Rabbit (New Zealand) once Ocular 0.1 (diffuse opacity of the corneal surface) Hart 1976... 

Rabbit once Ocular 0.1 mL (slight eye irritation) Kinkead et al 1992b... 

Albino rabbits have been the primary species used to test ocular toxicity and irritation of ophthalmic... 

As mentioned previously (and discussed in detail in Sec. IX), contact lens products have specific guidelines that focus on compatibility with the contact lens and biocompatibility with the cornea and conjunctiva [75], These solutions are viewed as new medical devices and require testing with the contact lenses with which they are to be used. Tests include a 21-day ocular study in rabbits and employ the appropriate types of contact lenses with which they are to be used and may include the other solutions that might be used with the lens. Additional tests to evaluate cytotoxicity potential, acute toxicity, sensitization potential (allergenicity), and risks specific to the preparation are also required [75-77], These tests are sufficient to meet requirements in the majority of countries, though testing requirements for Japan are currently much more extensive. 

During the application of the various guidelines for ophthalmic, contact lens, and intraocular products, ocular examination and biomicro scopic examination of rabbit eyes are completed with objective reproducible grading for conjunctival congestion, conjunctival swelling, conjunctival discharge, aqueous (humor) flare, iris involvement, severity and area of corneal opacity or cloudiness, pannus, and intensity of fluorescein staining [39,103]. Other available methods... 

---