Rabbit kidney membranes

First, we synthesized a series of cirazoline derivatives and evaluated their pharmacological effects on rabbit aorta and their I receptor affinity on rabbit kidney membranes. The results reported in Table 1 show that their ability to interact with ai-adrenergic as opposed to I receptors follows a characteristic pattern. 

Williams, P.D., Hitchcock, M.J.M. and Hottendorf, G.H. (1985). Effects of cephalosporins on organic ion transport in renal membrane vesicles from rat and rabbit kidney cortex. Res. Comm. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol. 47(3) 357-371. 

Yang, I.S., Goldinger, J.M., Flong, S.K. and Taub, M. (1988). Preparation of basolateral membranes that transport p-aminohippurate from primary cultures of rabbit kidney proximal tubule cells. J. Cell. Physicol. 135 481-487. 

Preliminary information useful in prodrug design has been obtained with amino acids attached to model aromatic amines. Thus, N-(naphthalen-2-yl) amides of amino acids (6.1, R=side chain of amino acid, R =H) proved to be of interest as test compounds to monitor peptidase activity such as ami-nopeptidase M (membrane alanyl aminopeptidase, microsomal aminopepti-dase, EC 3.4.11.2) [16][17], In the presence of purified rabbit kidney aminopeptidase M or human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) aminopeptidase activity, the rate of hydrolysis decreased in the order Ala-> Leu->Arg->Glu-2-naphthyl-amide. Ala-2-naphthylamide, in particular, proved to be a good test compound, as its rate of hydrolysis was influenced by experimental conditions (preparation, inhibitors, etc.), as was the hydrolysis of a number of low-molecular-weight opioid peptides and circulating vasoactive peptides. 

Determined by displacement of [3H]vasopressin from rat liver cell plasma membranes. h Determined by displacement of [3H]vasopressin from rabbit kidney cell plasma membranes. c Mean urine volume (mL) during the 2 h after oral administration (10 mg/kg, unless otherwise... 

S. H. VWight, Transport of Nt-methylnicotinamide across brush border membrane vesicles from rabbit kidney. Am.. Physid., 249 F903-F911 (1985). 

L. G. Gisclon, E M. Wong, and K. M. Giacomini, Cimetidine transport in isolated luminal membrane vesicles from rabbit kidney. Am. J. Physiol., 253 F141-n50 (1987). 

A Zn2+-dependent, ouabain-inhibited ATPase was found in both rabbit kidney and calf brain preparations, thus confirming the observations of Atkinson and Lowe (6). A Co2+-dependent, ouabain-inhibited ATPase was present in the same preparations, thus confirming the observations of Rendi and Uhr (7). Also, a Ni2+-dependent, ouabain-inhibited ATPase was found. When assayed in the presence of the divalent cations, Co2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+, the Na-K ATPase activity in these relatively crude membrane preparations was explored, in some detail, and compared with the activity found with Mg2+ or Mn2+. 

Membrane fragments containing the Na-K ATPase were obtained from frozen rabbit kidneys by a modification of the method of Kinsolving et al. (8). Mg2+ and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were omitted from all wash solutions, and the enzyme was stored in 0.02M tris-acetate buffer of pH 6.8. A second preparation was obtained from calf brain by the method of Skou and Hilberg (9). Assays were conducted by adding the enzyme preparation to solutions containing Na+, K heavy metal ions, and ATP. The difference in the rate of release of phosphate ions, estimated by the method of Taussky and Shorr (10), in the absence and the presence of ouabain was taken as a measure of Na-K ATPase activity. 

Brandle E, Greven J. Transport of cimetidine across the basolateral membrane of rabbit kidney proximal tubules interaction with organic anions. Pharmacology 1992 45 231-240. 

The apical plasma membrane of epithelial cells of small intestinal and renal proximal tubules is characterised by the presence of many microvilli (brush border). These membranes can be isolated relatively easily by centrifugation and free flow electrophoresis techniques. Kinne-Saffran and Kinne [15] found that after free-flow electrophoresis of a rat kidney-cortex membrane preparation, the anion-sensitive ATPase co-migrated with the alkaline phosphatase activity but was separated from the (Na + K )-ATPase activity, which is assumed to be a marker of basolateral plasma membranes. This suggests that the brush-border membrane of the proximal tubule contains an anion-sensitive ATPase. The same conclusion was reached by Liang and Sacktor [17] for a brush-border preparation from rabbit kidney. 

Wehner, H., Huber, H., and Kronenberg, K. H., 1973, The glomerular basement membrane of the rabbit kidney on long-term treatment with heterologous insulin preparations of different purity, Diabetologia 9 255-263. 

Toxicity of 2-Ghloroethanol. Ethylene chlorohydrin is an irritant and is toxic to the Hver, kidneys, and central nervous system. In addition, it is rapidly absorbed through the skin (73). The vapor is not sufficiently irritating to the eyes and respiratory mucous membranes to prevent serious systemic poisoning. Contact of the Hquid in the eyes of rabbits causes moderately severe injury, but in humans corneal bums have been known to heal within 48 hours. Several human fataUties have resulted from inhalation, dermal contact, or ingestion. One fatahty was caused by exposure to an estimated 300 ppm in air for 2.25 hours. In another fatal case, autopsy revealed pulmonary edema and damage to the Hver, kidneys, and brain (73). 

Proulx [30] summarized the published lipid compositions of BBM isolated from epithelial cells from pig, rabbit, mouse and rat small intestines. Table 3.1 shows the lipid make-up for the rat, averaged from five reported studies [30], On a molar basis, cholesterol accounts for about 50% of the total lipid content (37% on a weight basis). Thus, the cholesterol content in BBM is higher than that found in kidney epithelial (MDCK) and brain endothelial cells (Table 3.1). Slightly different BBM lipid distribution was reported by Alcorn et al. [31] here, the outer (luminal) leaflet of the BBM was seen to be rich in sphingomyelin content, while the inner leaflet (cytosol) was rich in PE and PC. Apical (brush border) and basolateral lipids are different in epithelia. The basolateral membrane content (not reported by... 

O.lOg/%, which is approximately five times more toxic than the nonchlorinated mononi-troparaffin. Rabbits exposed to 2 600 ppm for 2 hours died, but 2 2 00 ppm for 1 hour was non-lethal. Effects included irritation of the eyes and mucous membranes, and autopsy revealed pulmonary edema and cellular necrosis of the heart, liver, and kidneys. 

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