Quahtative researchers

Merriam, S. B. (2002). Quahtative research in practice Examples for discussion and analysis. San Francisco Jossey-Bass. 

The quantitative research methods collect quantitative data (numbers), while the quahtative research methods collect qualitative data (texts). The quantitative research methods may include close-ended questionnaire survey, test, interview, and observation using checklists that collect quantitative data. The qualitative research methods may include open-ended questionnaire survey, interview, observation using field note, artifact analysis, and so on that collect qualitative data. 

Kinetics and Mechanisms. Early researchers misunderstood the fast reaction rates and high molecular weights of emulsion polymerization (11). In 1945 the first recognized quaHtative theory of emulsion polymerization was presented (12). This mechanism for classic emulsion preparation was quantified (13) and the polymerization separated into three stages. 

Viscoelastic Measurement. A number of methods measure the various quantities that describe viscoelastic behavior. Some requite expensive commercial rheometers, others depend on custom-made research instmments, and a few requite only simple devices. Even quaHtative observations can be useful in the case of polymer melts, paints, and resins, where elasticity may indicate an inferior batch or unusable formulation. Eor example, the extmsion sweU of a material from a syringe can be observed with a microscope. The Weissenberg effect is seen in the separation of a cone and plate during viscosity measurements or the climbing of a resin up the stirrer shaft during polymerization or mixing. 

The first reports of the observation of transient emission and enhanced absorption signals in the H-n.m.r. spectra of solutions in which radical reactions were taking place appeared in 1967. The importance of the phenomenon, named Chemically Induced Dynamic Nuclear Spin Polarization (CIDNP), in radical chemistry was quickly recognized. Since that time, an explosive growth in the number of publications on the subject has occurred and CIDNP has been detected in H, C, N, and P as well as H-n.m.r. spectra. Nevertheless, the number of groups engaged in research in this area is comparatively small. This may be a consequence of the apparent complexity of the subject. It is the purpose of this review to describe in a quahtative way the origin of CIDNP and to survey the published applications of the phenomenon in... 

The analysis clearly demonstrates that both journals gradually developed a more pronoimced research orientation Initially there were httle or no research papers in the 70 s and 80 s and then there was gradually increasing research content (Wankat et al. 2014). The conclusion of the study states that both journals became mote frequently cited and that there was a quahtative evolution in breath of scholarship with increasingly interdisciplinary research articles with mote collaboration and mote references. While the international character of both journals also evolved over the 40 years, geographical spread is notably broader in EJEE. 

Crcswell, J. W. (2007). Quahtative inquiry and research design Choosing among five approaches (2nd edn.). Thousand Oaks Sage. 

The RNNP survey covers all production- and mobile units on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS) and eight land installations. A qualitative study focusing on different HES topics from year to year is a central part of the RNNP project. In 2009 researchers from SINTEF were responsible for carrying out the quahtative part of the project called Trends in risk level . 

A product has many aspects, each of which may be relevant to its proposed use. The headings in Table 5.1 should be considered when choosing or recommending a product. Although the use of standard methods of reporting properties are most useful, even quahtative descriptions of the properties are more valuable than none at aU. When a material has been specified as part of a conservation plan, the rationale for the choice should be recorded along with any manufacturer s and internal test data, accompanied by voucher samples. This will enable reconsideration of the material and method by conservators or researchers in the future. 

This chapter is structured as follows in section 1.2, the road safety management investigation model is presented, and the data collection and handling procedures are described. In section 1.3, the results of quahtative analysis of the data are presented, while section 1.4 concerns the results of quantitative analysis. Section 1.5 presents the conclusions of the research in terms of road safety management good practice in Europe. Finally, section 1.6 summarizes the DaCoTA key messages and recommendations for the improvement of road safety management systems in Europe. 

The quantitative findings were statistically analyzed, and the corresponding effect sizes were calculated. Through content analysis, which was based on the self-determination theory, the quahtative findings were sorted into categories. Only information coming up at least three times in the various research tools was included in this analysis. 

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