Quadrupole plasma mass spectrometry

Cremers, D.A. Radziemski, L.J. 2006. Handbook of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscop. J. Wiley Sons, New York Gonzalez, J., Oropeza, D., Mao, X.L., Russo, R.E. 2008. Assessment of the precision and accuracy of thorium (232Th) and uranium (238U) measured by quadrupole based-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry comparison of liquid... 

Koirtyohann SR (1994) Precise determination of isotopic-ratios for some biologically significant elements by inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Spectrochim Acta B-Atomic Spectrosc 49 1305-1311 Rosier J, Kucera M, Sylvester P (2001) Precise measurement of Li isotopes in planktonic foraminiferal tests by quadrupole ICPMS. Chem Geol 181 169-179... 

Q-ICPMS quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry... 

Multi-element determination of dissolved metals at ultratrace level may be performed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). U.S. EPA s Methods 200.8 and 1638 present a methodology for measuring trace elements in waters and wastes by the above technique. Sample is acid digested and the solution is introduced by pneumatic nebulization into a radio-frequency plasma. The elements in the compounds are atomized and ionized. The ions are extracted from the plasma through a differentially pumped vacuum interface and separated by a quadrupole mass spectrometer by their mass to charge ratios. The mass spectrometer must have a resolution capability of 1 amu peak width at 5% peak height. 

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a typical commercial inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) instrument (A) liquid sample, (B) peristaltic pump, (C) nebulizer, (D) spray chamber, (E) argon gas inlets, (F) load coil, (G) sampler cone, (H) skimmer cone, (I) ion lenses, (J) quadrupole, (K) electron multiplier detector, (L) computer.

Other elements were measured by a Perkin-Elmer SCIEX ELAN 6100 DRCII Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) instrument equipped with a cyclonic spray chamber, a concentric nebulizer and a dynamic reaction cell (DRC). In the vented (standard) mode, no reaction gas is present in the cell and the instrument shows the typical characteristics of a quadrupole-based ICP-MS apparatus. When the gas is introduced into the cell an ion-molecule reaction takes place that can be tailored so as to eliminate spectroscopic interferences. Experimental conditions are summarized in Table 10.2. 

M. Krachler, A. Alimonti, F. Petrucci, K. J. Irgoli , F. Forestiere, S. Caroli, Analytical problems in the determination of platinum-group metals in urine by quadrupole and magnetic sector E>eld inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Anal. Chim. Acta, 363 (1998), ID 10. 

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is one of the most significant analytical advances to occur in the last 20 years as it allows multielement analysis of solutions and solids to be performed at subnanogram concentrations. Instrumental advances have occurred such that Quadrupole (Q) ICP-MS units are now in routine use in many laboratories. In this chapter, the use of Q-ICP-MS and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-ICP-MS is discussed as regards the quantification of total As and As species in seafood. To highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the use of ICP-MS, data are used that were mainly produced in the laboratories of the authors of this chapter. 

MEASUREMENT OF TOTAL Se AND Se SPECIES IN SEAFOOD BY QUADRUPOLE INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY, ELECTROTHERMAL ATOMIZATION ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY, AND HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY... 

I. Rodushkin, T. Ruth, D. Klockare, Non-spectral interferences caused by a saline water matrix in quadrupole and high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom., 13 (1998), 159-166. 

ETA-AAS, Electrothermal Atomization Atomic Absorption Spectrometry FAAS, Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry HG-AAS, Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ICP-AES, Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ID-MS, Isotopic Dilution Mass Spectrometry NAA, Neutron Activation Analysis Q-ICP-MS, Quadrupole Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry SS-Z-ETA-AAS, Solid Sampling Zeeman Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Z-ETA-AAS, Zeeman Electrothermal Atomization Atomic Absorption Spectrometry... 

Warren A. R., Allen L. A., Pang H. M., Hour R. S. and Janghorbani M. (1994) Simultaneous measurement of ion ratios by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with a twin-quadrupole instrument, Appl Spectrosc 48 1360-1366. 

Falkner KK and Edmond JM (1990) Determination of gold atfemtomolar levels in natural waters by flow injection inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 62 1477-1481. Gomez MM and McLeod CW (1995) Trace enrichment and determination of gold by flow injection Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Part II. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. J Anal At Spectrom 10 89-91. 

Manninen, P. K. G. 1995. A rapid method for uranium isotope ratio measurement by inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. J Radioan Nuc Ch Le 201(2), 71-80. March, R. E. and Hughes, R. J. 1989. Quadrupole storage mass spectrometry in Chemical... 

Alsenz H, Zereini F, Wiseman C, Piittmann W (2009) Determination of palladium in airborne particulate matter using isotope dilution-quadrupole-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ID-Q-ICP-MS) with helium as a collision gas after reductive co-precipitation with mercury. Anal Bioanal Chem 395 1919-1927 Alt F, Bambauer A, Hoppstock K, Mergler B, Tdlg G (1993) Platinum traces in airborne particulate matter. Determination of whole content, particle size distribution and soluble platinum. Fresenius J Anal Chem 346 693-696... 

Z. Duo, T. N. Olney, and D. J. Douglas, Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with a quadrupole mass filter opraated in a third stability region, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 8, 1230-1236 (1997). 

TIMS, depending on the application [3]. These developments with magnetic sector instruments include multiple Faraday cup detectors (multicollectors) and multiple ion counters. The Faraday cup multicollectors have enabled the determination of isotope ratios with accuracy and precision rivaling TIMS [4], Due to lower sensitivity and differences in instrument design, quadrupole instruments (quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry [Q-ICP-MS]) have not demonstrated the same accuracy and precision as magnetic sector instruments, especially at low concentrations [5], Nevertheless, improvements in the sensitivity of quadrupole instrumentation have also increased their utility for many isotope ratio applications [6]. 

Kylander, M.E., Weiss, D.J., Jeffries, T.E., Kober, B., Dolgopolova, A., Garcia-Sanchez, R., Coles, B.J. (2007) A rapid and reliable method for Pb isotopic analysis of peat and lichens by laser ablation-quadrupole-induc-tively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry for biomonitoring and sample screening. Analytica Chimica Acta, 582,116-124. 

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