Purkinje cells glutamate

Bergersen, L., Waerhaug, O., Helm, J. et al. A novel postsyn-aptic density protein the monocarboxylate transporter MCT2 is co-localized with delta-glutamate receptors in postsynaptic densities of parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses. Exp. Brain Res. 136 523-34,2001. 

Yamada, K Watanabe, M Shibata, T Tanaka, K Wada, K and Inoue, Y. (1996) EAAT4 is a post-synaptic glutamate transporter at Purkinje cell synapses. Neuroreport 7, 2013-2017. 

Dehnes, Y., Chaudhry, F. A., Ullensvang, K., Lehre, K. P, Storm-Mathisen, J., and Danbolt, N. C. (1998) The glutamate transporter EAAT4 in rat cerebellar Purkinje cells a glutamategated chloride channel concentrated near the synapse in parts of the dendritic membrane facing astroglia. J. Neurosci. 18, 3606-3619. 

Lee M, Strahlendorf JC, Strahlendorf HK Modulatory action of serotonin on glutamate induced excitation of cerebellar Purkinje cells. Brain Res 361 107-113, 1986... 

Okubo Y., Kakizawa S., Hirose K., and lino M. (2004). Cross talk between metabotropic and ionotropic glutamate receptor- mediated signaling in parallel fiber-induced inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate production in cerebellar Purkinje cells. J. Neurosci. 24 9513-9520. 

However, presynaptic NMDA autoreceptors may also mediate opposite effects, i.e., a reduction of glutamate release. At parallel fiber Purkinje cell synapses, activation of presynaptic NMDA receptors caused significant reductions in excitatory postsynaptic currents (Casado et al. 2002). Likewise, spontaneous and evoked glutamate release from the nerve endings of primary afferents in the spinal cord was reduced when presynaptic NMDA receptors were activated (Bardoni et al. 2004). In contrast to this, substance P release at such synapses was shown to be enhanced by the activation of presynaptic NMDA receptors (Liu et al. 1997). 

The climbing fibers are now believed to use glutamate as transmitter, like the major proportion of mossy fibers. They are strongly enriched in glutamate (Ottersen et al., 1992) and their terminals are apposed to Purkinje cell thorns that exhibit a high density of AMPA receptors (Landsend et al., 1997). 

The parallel fibers — the axons of granule cells — constitute the third major excitatory fiber system in the cerebellum. The parallel fibers establish synapses with Purkinje cell spines as well as with dendritic stems of intemeurons (Palay and Chan-Palay, 1974). Several lines of evidence point to glutamate as the most likely transmitter in the parallel fiber system. 

Takahashi M, Sarantis M, Attwell D (1996) Postsynaptic glutamate uptake in rat cerebellar Purkinje cells. J Physiol 497 523-530,... 

Hausser M, Roth A (1997) Dendritic and somatic glutamate receptor channels in rat cerebellar Purkinje cells. J... 

Batchelor AM, Madge DJ, Garthwaite J (1994) Synaptic activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors in the parallel fibre-Purkinje cell pathway in rat cerebellar slices. Neuroscience 63 9 1-915. 

Yuzaki M, Mikoshiba K (1992) Pharmacological and immunocytochemical characterization of metabotropic glutamate receptors in cultured Purkinje cells. J Neurosci 72 4253-4263. 

Glutamate is a key neurotransmitter in the cerebellum mossy fibres onto granule cells parallel fibres onto Purkinje and stellate/basket cells, climbing fibres onto Purkinje cells, and also mossy fibre and climbing fibre inputs onto Golgi cells all use glutamate (Fig. 19) (Voogd... 

Araki K, Meguro H, Kushiya E, Takayama C, Inoue Y, Mishina M (1993) Selective expression of the glutamate receptor channel 82 subunit in cerebellar Purkinje cells, Biochem Biophys Res Commun 797 1267-1276. 

Hirano T, Kasono K, Araki K, Mishina M (1995) Suppression of LTD in cultured Purkinje cells deficient in the glutamate receptor delta 2 subunit. NeuroReporl 6 524-526. 

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