Pump output

Feed-roU speed, metering pump output, and column conditions are carefuUy balanced to produce a yam of specified and uniform tex (denier). 

The charts showing the p>erformance of duplex pumps are shown in Table 4-38 [17]. The charts showing the performance of triplex pumps are shown in Table 4-39 [17]. A chart listing the pump output required for a given annular velocity is shown in Table 4-40 [18]. A chart listing the power input horsepower required for a given pump working pressure is shown in Table 4-41 [19]. 

Optimum Pump Output. In harder formations where drilling rates are limited by maximum available bit weight and rotary speed, the optimum value of... 

Underreamer Hydraulics. Pressure losses across the underreamer nozzles (orifice) are shown in Figures 4-178 and 4-179 [58]. The shaded area represents the recommended pressure drop required for cutters to fully open. These pressure drop graphs can be used for pressure losses calculations (given pump output and nozzles) or for orifice (nozzle) selection (given pump output and pressure loss required). 

Pressure drop under streamline flow conditions is directly proportional to the quantity of oil flowing. The effect of reduced flow rate after take-off points, as compared with full flow rate throughout the full length of the pipeline when there is no take-off, should be taken into account to ensure that variation in pressure is within the specified pump output. Special consideration is necessary with gravity and ring main systems serving several take-off points. 

Drift Measure of the generally continuous increase or decrease in the pump output over relatively long-periods (e.g., hours). 

A recent innovation to improve recovery functions is a variable-speed submersible pump. When used with electronic controls, it is possible to select a fluid surface elevation and adjust the pumping rate periodically to maintain that fluid level at that elevation. Another adaptation of existing control technology uses an electrically adjustable valve to throttle the pump output. As the fluid level declines, the throttle restricts flow to prevent a further decline. 

Purification by pressure column chromatography on silicagel is conducted as follows. A glass column (inner diameter 5 cm, length 51 cm) is filled with a slurry of silica (450 g of silicagel, Acros, 0.035-0.070 mm, pore diameter 6 nm) in 95 5 (v v) CH2Cl2/acetone. A 3-g portion of cmde [AsPl JL is dissolved in a minimum amount of solvent and adsorbed on the top of the column. The column is connected with a membrane pump (output pressure 1.6 bar) and then eluted at a flow rate of about 180 mL/min. The violet fraction is collected and evaporated on a rotary evaporator. This chromatographic separation on the whole lasts 8 h. 

For double suction pumps, 0 is one half the pump output. 

ECOC (Electro-Chemical Ozone Cell) is the Electrochemical ozonometer based on the electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesonde. The air sample is pumped through the ECC where ozone molecules are completely absorbed by the potassium iodide solution which causes an electric current to flow through the external circuit connected to the cell electrodes. Each ozone molecule produces a two electron flow in the outer circuit. Thus measurement of the electric current allows to determine a number of ozone molecules pumped into the ECC in one second. This number can be converted to ozone pressure using a pump productivity and air temperature at the pump output. 

Compute the effect of gas on the pump output. Entrained or dissolved gas reduces the output of a rotary pump, as shown in Table 6.29. The gas in the liquid expands when the inlet pressure of the pump is below atmospheric and the gas occupies part of the pump chamber, reducing the liquid capacity. 

Compute the effect of slip on the pump output. Slip reduces rotary-pump output in direct proportion to the slip. Thus, with 10 percent slip, the output of this pump is (444 gal/min)(1.0 — 0.10) = 399.6 gal/min (25 L/s). 

Throttling valves simply restrict pump output, depending on how much the valve is open. These valves are used with centrifugal pumps, whose output is very sensitive to the amount of restriction in the output line. 

Test Vehicle. The test vehicle (I) was equipped with a 5.7-liter displacement, V8 engine with carburetion adjusted for slightly richer than stoichiometric air /fuel ratios. This modification necessitated the use of an air pump to provide sufficient oxygen (02) for control of exhaust HC and CO. The air pump output was injected into the exhaust manifolds ahead of the catalytic converter. This point of air injection provided sufficient time for mixing of the air and exhaust gases before they entered the catalytic converter, and it also caused appreciable homogeneous oxidation of HC and CO in the exhaust manifolds. 

With hot cycle CO emissions, conversion is essentially 100% after the catalyst has warmed up, even at the smallest catalyst volume. Most probably, the small CO emissions during the hot cycles of the FTP are not affected by kinetic effects, but they are related to the transient nature of the vehicle operation during the FTP. An 02 deficiency could occur if the exhaust gas flows and air pump output were not properly matched. Small CO spikes were observed during vehicle accelerations that were superimposed on a very low, nearly zero, background CO emission level during the hot cycles. There also might be localized 02 deficiencies if the exhaust gases and air were not well mixed before they entered the converter. 

The control characteristics are improved when a steam flow rate measurement is added. The water feed rate then responds to some combination of steam flow and drum level. Basing the control partly on the steam flow offsets the positive feedback and reduces fluctuations in the supply. Addition of a direct flow controller on the water feed pump output is another elaboration. This would be reset by the outlet steam flow. It provides some feedforward control, which is useful in the presence of severe load swings. 

Next, add a Recycle block that connects the makeup solvent input to a new output. Then, add a mixer that blends the Recycle block output with the lean solvent pump output before feeding to the absorber (see Figure 12d). The Recycle block is necessary because there is a recycle loop created by the spreadsheet that is not inherently obvious by looking at the flow diagram the makeup solvent feed rate specification requires the results of the vapor product and CO2 product streams, which in turn requires the makeup solvent feed rate specification, and so on. The recycle block... 

In the simplified schema depicted in Figure 1 the venous system was considered to be without resistance. In the body, however, there is a continuous pressure gradient from the venules to the right side of the heart. If an open-chest animal is placed on total heart bypass and if the pump output is progressively increased, the... 

Liquid handling requires use of an electrically-driven monopiston pump. The speed of the piston determines the pump output. It corresponds to the length covered by the piston in the pump due to the frequency of electric current. Figure 4 represents the flow rate in terms of piston travel length (9). 

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