Pultrusion applications

Exolit AP740 from Clariant is a recent ammonium polyphosphate blend that can be incorporated into gelcoats as well as the main polyester resin. For hand lay-up, spray techniques and RTM it is recommended to add AP 740 to the gelcoat, but is not necessary for SMC or pultrusion applications. 

Sumerak J E and Troutman D (2007), Polyurethane pultrusion application successes with large profiles . Global Pultrusion Conference - Composite Profiles - Save Energy, Baltimore, MD. 

Pultrusion application Jotun Polymer A/orpo/8300-045 etal, 8440 13S... 

A low profile, non-shrink system, suitable for pultrusion applications and offering optimum surface finish and fire retardancy with low-smoke, low flame properties. 

A rigid isophthalic/orthophthalic resin for general purpose pultrusion applications, c. 1400... 

A thermoplastic modifier in styrene offering excellent shrinkage control, superior surface quality and a broad processing latitude, formulated for use in SMC, BMC, wet moulding and pultrusion applications. 

A methyl methacrylate/styrene co-polymer solution in styrene for pultrusion applications, b 30% c 1350-1550... 

A two component, non catalyzed, flame retardant, phenol-resorcinol resin highly recommended for pultrusion application. 

Unidirectional construction Refers to fibers that are oriented in the same direction, such as unidirectional fabric, tape, or laminate, often called UD. Such parallel alignment is included in pultrusion and filament winding applications. 

In most applications, polyester and vinyl ester resins are used as the matrix materials. Epoxies are also used, although they require longer cure times and do not release easily from the pultrusion dies. Hence, thermosetting resins are most commonly used with pultrusion, although some high-performance thermoplastics such as PEEK and polysulfone can also be accommodated. In addition to the resin, the resin bath may contain a curing agent (initiator, cf. Section 3.3.1.2), colorants, ultraviolet stabilizer, and fire retardant. 

Application of Rheo-Kinetics Modeling to Reaction Injection Pultrusion. 22... 

In this section, we will describe the application of the rheokinetic model to adiabatic and isothermal pultrusion by the RIP process. Adiabatic pultrusion is defined as a pultrusion... 

Virtually any reinforcement-matrix combination feasible in any other composites application also may be used in pultrusion however, glass heavily dominates as reinforcement with 95 percent in the United States and 98 percent in Europe (see Table 11.1), whereas polyester resin dominates as matrix material with 79 percent in the United States and 66 percent in Europe [2]. 

Epoxies, unsaturated polyesters, and vinyl esters are typical thermosetting polymers used in pultrusion and filament winding applications. 

DeFosse, M., Material and Process Developments (Pultrusions) Promise New Applications, MP, Jun. 2002. 

MAJOR PRODUCT APPLICATIONS carpet backing, coatings, PU-foam, pultrusion, laminates, composites, conveyor belts, cables, flooring, chipboard, tub and shower stalls, coated fabrics, electrical products, polishing, exterior cladding, tiles, synthetic marble, adliesives, coatings and sealants, sheet molding compounds, toothpaste... 

MAJOR PRODUCT APPLICATIONS bowling balls, cast polyester, foam, caulk, explosives, putties, sealants, pipe insulation, potting compounds, speckling compounds, reflective paints, golf balls, pultrusion, aerospace, marine, automotive, composites, and many more... 

Several sections of this chapter discuss building materials (hoses and pipes, pavement, roofing, sealants, siding, and waterproofing). Here, we focus on wall materials and insulation in various extruded and molded profiles. Numerous polymers are used for these two applications. They include polystyrene, phenolic resin, polyvinylchloride, and polyurethanes for insulation purposes and polyvinylchloride, polyurethanes, and polyesters for wall systems and structural elements. The major methods of production include molding, extrusion, and pultrusion. 

VE polyurethane resins have mechanical properties similar or superior to those of conventional VE and epoxies. Characteristics include a heat distortion temperature of 120C (248F). Ultimate elongation of an unreinforced molding compound without fillers is 5.5% tensile strength is 80 MPa and flexural strength 150 MPa. The resins can be custom-formulated. Applications include customized automobile parts, recreational vehicles, outdoor equipment, tubs/showers and electrical parts. The resins are suitable for standard molding processes some were specifically developed for pultrusion, RIM, foam, adhesive, and polymer concrete applications. 

Dow has developed a pultrusion simulation modeling (PSM) service designed to help fabricators achieve higher levels of productivity and reliability. Process variables such as pull speed, part and die temperature, heater output and pulling force can affect the quality of pultruded components. The PSM tool allows fabricators to predict processing performance for specific applications, and is accurate to within 10% of actual performance. The tool has been validated in customer trials and allows the pultrusion process to be optimized quickly. 

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