Public health, 129 contrasted with

There are major consequences of alcoholism, from child abuse to domestic or public violence to traffic accidents and from cirrhosis to hypertension. Mean life expectancy of alcohol abusers is around 55 years. Alcohol seems involved in several hundred thousand deaths each year in Europe, with considerable added social and health care costs. This is in clear contrast with the little attention paid to the treatment of alcohol dependence and abuse. It is important to note that there is an increasing knowledge of similar effects on driving etc. from other psychoactive substances, particularly from the seda-tive/tranquillizer drugs and antihistamines. 

If a botanical is shown to reverse an abnormal test result, modify another drug s adverse event, or act synergistically with another modality, it will usually be best developed as a drug. This is especially true if the botanical provides a distinct benefit for a patient population, but would pose safety concerns if used by the general public. In contrast to prevention, risk-reduction, or health-maintenance trials, therapeutic studies are often able to demonstrate clinical benefit with smaller numbers of subjects and with more tangible measures of outcome. 

It will be assumed that the reader is familiar with the phase contrast method for the analysis of asbestos. If not, the equipment and procedures for the phase contrast analysis of asbestos have been described by the United States Public Health Service (1 ), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health 2), (3), and by professional societies (4 ). 

The air pollution committee recommended that MCA create a public relations committee. Such a body had actually been established on a modest basis several years earlier, and the two committees were soon working together. At the instance of the public relations specialists, the association s annual pollution conferences were opened to the press. At these public events, as elsewhere, the industry took the stance that air pollution was not a serious or critical menace to public health. This was in distinct contrast to the advice it had received privately. At the very meeting where the public relations campaign was first outlined, Alcoa s medical director, Dudley Irwin, had reported As so little factual information exists with regard to the acute or chronic affects of general air pollution, a considerable diversity of honest opinion will probably persist for some years to come. 13... 

As natural causes—aquatic plant and animal life—contribute organic substances, it follows that all waters can contain some extractables. In clean waters the carbon-chloroform extractables will often be less than 50, or even 25, parts per billion. In contrast, waters polluted with industrial waste may contain extractables in the hundreds or even thousands of parts per billion. The carbon-adsorption technique can be used to monitor the quality of drinking water supplies thus, water with less than 50 parts per billion of extractables can be presumed to be clean. The U.S. Public Health Service 1961 Drinking Water Standards actually call for a recommended limit of 200 ppb of carbon-chloroform extractables. 71... 

Three of the four subjects on the methadone study refused to continue with the experiments, an event which rarely happens at the U.S. Public Health Service laboratory in Lexmgton, Kentucky, after they had experienced the abstinence syndrome precipitated by iV-allylnormorphine. The acute syndrome precipitated by IV-allylnormorphine in methadone addicts contrasts strikingly with the mild changes which are observed after abrupt withdrawal of methadone. The subjects who refused to continue with the methadone study exhibited only lethargy, anorexia, and irritability during the first week after abrupt termination of methadone administration. N-Allylnormorphine failed to precipitate abstinence phenomena 3 days after completion of withdrawal of methadone by rapid reduction in the subject who continued with the study. 

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